338 LXXV. COMPOSITE. ZINNIA, 



prominences, each branch leafless towards the summit and bearing a large head 

 with 12 15 bright yellow rays. These are an inch long, and surround a broad- 

 ly conical disk of dark purple or dark brown chaif and flowers. July Sept. f 



5. R. FULGIDA. Ait. (R. chrysomela. Michx. R. spatulata. PA.) 



SL hirsute, with rigid hairs ; branches slender, naked above ; Ivs. strigose- 

 pubescent, remotely denticulate, radical petiolate, ovate, cauline lance-oblong, 

 tapering to the sessile, subclasping base ; scales oblong, spreading, as long as 

 the spreading rays ; chaff linear-oblong, obtuse. Mountains, Penn. to Ohio ! 

 and Ga. Stem 1 3f high. Rays 12 14, scarcely longer than the leafy invo- 

 lucre, deep orange-yellow. July, Oct. f 



6. R. SPECIOSA. Wender. 



St. hispidly hirsute ; branches slender, elongated, naked above ; Ivs. sca- 

 brous-pubescent, strongly dentate, radical ones broadly ovate, 5-veined, on long 

 petioles, cauline ovate and lanceolate, 3-veined, upper sessile; scales lance-lin- 

 ear, much shorter than the spreading rays ; chaff linear-oblong, acute. Bor- 

 ders of woods, 111. Jenney ! Ohio! to Penn. A large and very showy species, 

 2 4f high. Leaves rather thin, radical 4 5' by 3 4', the teeth mucronu- 

 late ; petioles 6 10' long. Rays about 18, oblong,linear, bright yellow. Aug. 

 Oct. t 



31. EC H IN ACE A. Mrench. 



Gr, %ivo$, the hedgehog ; from the character of the paleae. 



Involucre scales imbricated in 2 rows ; ray-flowers neutral ; disk- 

 flowers ; receptacle conic, with rigid, mucronate paleae ; pappus 0. 

 ^1- Lvs. alternate. Rays purple, pendulous. 



1. E. PURPUREA. Moench. (Rudbeckia Linn.} Purple Cone-flower or 

 Comb-flower. Very rough ; lower Ivs. broad-ovate, attenuate at base, 



remotely toothed ; cauline ones lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; rays 

 very long, deflexed, bifid. Thickets and barrens, Western ! and Southern States. 

 A tall, handsome plant, often cultivated. Stem 4f high, branched, sulcate. 

 Leaves 4 8' long, -- as wide, rough, with short, stiff bristles, 3-veined. Heads 

 large, solitary, on long peduncles. Disk thickly beset with the stiff, pointed, 

 brown chaff. Rays about 15, 2 3' long, pendulous. July Sept. Root black, 

 pungent, medicinal, j- 

 (3. Rays nearly white. 111. Dr. Mead in T. fy G. Fl. Am. 



2. E. ANGUSTIFOLIA. DC. (Rudbeckia. pallida. NiM.} 



St. hispid, subsimple, slender, naked above ; Ivs. entire, hispidly pubescent, 

 3-veined, lower ones lanceolate, petiolate, upper lance-linear, sessile ; scales in 

 about 2 rows, short ; rays 12 20, slender, drooping. Prairies and marshes, 111. 

 Mo. to Tex. Plant of a more slender habit than the last, 2 3f high. Leaves 

 3 6' by 3 6". Petioles 8" long. Heads on long, naked peduncles. Rays 

 1 2' long, purple, varying to white. Disk brown. May July. 



32. LEPlCHYS. 



Involucre in one series of linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, 

 disk perfect ; receptacle columnar, chaffy ; chaff obtuse and bearded 

 at apex ; pappus ; fertile achenia compressed, 1 2-winged. ^ Lvs. 

 alternate, pinnately divided. lids, of Jiowers yellow, with long, droop- 

 ing rays. 



L. PINNATA. Torr. & Gray. (Rudbeckia. MX. Obeliscaria. Cass.) 

 Scabrous; Ivs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 7, some of the lower ones 2- 

 parted, the rest undivided ; rat/s elongated. In dry soil, Western N. Y., West- 

 ern ! and Southern States. Stem 2 4f high, slender, furrowed and hispid. 

 Heads very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk ovate, 

 purple. 



33. ZINNIA. 



Dedicated to John Godfrey Zinn, a German botanist, 1557. 



Involucre scales oval, margined, imbricate ; rays 5, persistent, en- 



