HELIANTHUS. LXXV. COMPOSITE. 339 



tire, 9 ; disk flowers $ ; receptacle chaffy, conical ; pappus of the 

 disk of 2 erect awns. Native at the South, fyc. Lvs. opposite, entire. 



1. Z. ELEGANS. Hds. on long peduncles ; Ivs. cordate, ovate, sessile-amplexi- 

 caul ; st. hairy ; chaff serrated. Native of Mexico. Jl. Aug. Several varie- 

 ties are known in cultivation; viz. a. violacea, with violet-colored flowers; 

 /?. alba, flowers white ; y. purpurascens, flowers purple ; <J. coccinea, flowers of a 

 brilliant scarlet, f 



2. Z. MULTIFLORA. Hds. on long peduncles; Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, on short 

 petioles. Native of the Southern States. Z. pauciflorum, with bright yellow 

 flowers, is also found in cultivation, t 



34. HELIANTHUS. 



Gr. 17X10?, the sun, ay$o?, flower; from the resemblance of the flowers. 



Heads many-flowered ; ray-fls. neutral, disk $ ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; receptacle flat or convex, the chaff 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chaffy awns, decidu- 

 ous ; achenia compressed or 4-sided, not margined. Herbs mostly %, 

 rough. Lvs. opposite, the upper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. 

 Rays yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



Disk dark purple. 



1. H. ANNCUS. Common Sunflower. Lvs. all cordate, 3- veined, only the 

 lowest opposite; fed. thick; fls. nodding. This well-known annual is from S. 

 America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is increased by the fertility 

 of it in direct proportion, until it reaches the height of 10 and even 20 feet. The 

 common height may be stated at 7 feet. The enormous size of the flowers with 

 their broad rays of brilliant yellow are too well known to require description. An 

 edible oil has been expressed from the seeds. Jl. A splendid variety occurs 

 with the flowers all radiate. 



2. H. ANGUSTIFOLIUS. Narrow-leaved Sun/lower. 



Erect, slender, glabrous or hispidly hirsute ; Ivs. sessile, linear, tapering 

 to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, the upper often alternate, margin sub- 

 denticulate, often revolute; hds. pedunculate, Tew; scales lance-linear, the long 

 point spreading ; chaff linear, 3-toothed. Sandy or rocky places, N. J. ! Ky. 

 and Southern States, common. Stem 2 3f high, subsimple. Leaves 2 5' by 

 3 6", broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 1218, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 flowers brown at the summit. 



3. H. RIGIDUS. Desf. (H. scaberrimus. Ell. H. crassifolius. Nutt.} Stiff- 

 leaved Sunflower. SI. erect, rigid, simple or with few branches, scabrous 



or smoothish, nearly naked above ; Ivs. lanceolate, tapering to each end, petio- 

 late, mostly opposite, tripli-veined, serrulate or entire, rigid, scabrous both 

 sides; hds. few; scales ovate, acute, regularly imbricate, shorter than the disk; 

 e^ajT obtusish ; pappiis 2 squamae. Prairies, &c., Wis. Lapham, to Mo., La., &c. 

 Plant 2 4f high. Leaves 36' by J 1', very rough with papillose hairs, but 

 less so than in H. divaricatus. Rays 12- 20, expanding 2 3', light yellow. 



Disk yellow. * Leaves opposite. 



4. H. L^ETIFLORUS. Pers. Splendid Sunflower. 



St. rough and branched above ; Ivs. oval-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 

 tripli-veined, very rough on both sides, on short petioles, upper ones often alter- 

 nate ; scales ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, appressed, a little shorter than the disk ; 

 chaff entire or 3-toothed; rays 1220. Barrens, &c., la. Ohio. Torr. <$ Gray. 

 A rough, but showy plant, 3 4f high. Leaves thick, 5 8' by 1J 2'. Rays 

 nearly 2' in length. Disk yellow. Aug. Oct. f 



5. H. OCCIDENTALIS. Riddell. Western Sunflower. 



St. slender, simple, nearly naked above ; Ivs. opposite, oval, scabrous, ob- 

 scurely serrate, contracted at base into long, hairy petioles, upper ones small 

 and few, entire; hds. pedunculate; scales lance-oval, appressed. Sand prairies, 



