490 CXXIII. JUGLANDACE^E. JUGLANS. 



each end, nearly smooth, with a revolute margin. A small, prostrate, alpine 

 shrub, found on the granite rocks of the White Mts. of N. H., and the calcare- 

 ous mountains of Vt. The stem is 1 to 3 or 4f long, much branched and 

 closely covered all around with evergreen leaves, which are J f ' long and a 

 line wide. Flowers very small, reddish, crowded in the axils of the upper 

 leaves. Berries black, not ill-flavored. May, Jn. 



2. OAK ESI A. Tuckerman. 



Dedicated to William Oakes, Esq., of Ipswich, Mass., to whom N. Eng. botany is greatly indebted. 



Flowers c? $ 9- cT Stamens 3, enclosed in 36 membranaceous, 

 sepaloid scales ; fil. filiform, exserted, distinct ; anth. 2-lobed, open- 

 ing by lateral clefts. 9 or $ Calyx of 3 equal, membranaceous 

 scales in the axis of a larger, ovate, ciliate scale ; stam. 3 or ; sty. 

 trifid ; ova. 3-celled ; drupe 3-seeded. 



0. CONRADI. (Empetrum. Torr. Tuckermania. Klotzch.} Plymouth 

 Crowberry. A low, bushy, tufted shrub, about If high, in Plymouth, Mass., 



Emerson, pine barrens, N. J., Torrey, N. Y., Vasey. Stems slender, with a 

 reddish-ash-colored bark, with short," verticillate branches. Leaves evergreen, 

 numerous, spiral or imperfectly verticillate, J' long, linear, revolute. Flowers 

 in terminal clusters of 10 15, with brownish scales and purple stamens and 

 styles. Plants with are less common than those with ^ or 9 . March, Apr. 



ORDER CXXIII. JUGLANDACE^. WALNUTS. 



Trees, with alternate and unequally pinnate leaves and no stipules. 



Fls. green, inconspicuous, montecious. Sterile in aments. Corolla 0. 



Cal. membranaceous, oblique, irregular. Sta. indefinite (3 36). 



Fertile in small clusters. Corolla or sometimes present and 3 5-petaled. 



Cal. Tube adherent, limb 3 5-parted. [dilated. 



Ova. l-celled (partially 2 4-celled). Ovule solitary, erect. Styles 02, very short. Stiff, 12, much 



Fr. drupaceous, l-celled, with 2 4 imperfect partitions ; endocarp bony. 



Sd. 2 4-lobed, without albumen, oily. 



Genera 4, species 27, mostly North American. 



Properties. The well known fruit of the butternut, walnut, peecan-nut, $*c., is sweet and whole- 

 some, abounding in a rich, drying oil. The epicarp, and even the integument of the kernel, are very 

 astringent. The timber is highly valuable. 



Genera. 



U-cleft. Leaves 15 21 -foliate Juglans. 1 



Corolla of the fertile flowers ( none. Leaves 5 9-foliate. Carya. 2 



1. JUGLANS. 



Lat. Jovis glans; i. e. the nut of Jove ; a name given it by way of eminence. 



c? in an imbricated, simple ament ; calyx scale 5 6-parted, some- 

 what bracteate at base ; stamens about 20. 9 Calyx 4-cleft, superior ; 

 corolla 4-parted ; stigmas 2 ; fruit drupaceous, epicarp spongy, in de- 

 hiscent, endocarp rugose and irregularly furrowed. Trees of large 

 size, with alternate, unequally pinnate leaves. Leaflets numerous. 

 Sterile aments axillary. Fertile flowers terminal. 



1. J. CINEREA. (J. cathartica. Michx.) Butternut. White Walnut. 



Lfls,. numerous (15 17), lanceolate, serrate, rounded at the base, soft- 

 pubescent beneath ; petioles, villous ; fr. oblong-ovate, with a terminal, obtuse 

 point, viscid, hairy ; nucleus oblong, acuminate, deeply and irregularly furrow- 

 ed. The butternut is found throughout the N. England, Middle and Western 

 States, and Canada, growing on elevated river-banks and on cold, uneven, 

 rocky soils. It is 40 50f high, with a large, but short trunk. The branches 

 are horizontal, and unusually wide-spreading, forming a very large head. 

 Leaves 12 20' long, consisting of 7 or 8 pairs of leaflets, with an odd one. 

 Barren flowers in long aments ; fertile in short spikes. The kernel is oily, 

 pleasant-flavored, and well-known in N. England. The wood is of a reddish 

 hue, light, and is considerably used in panneling and ornamental work. From 

 the bark is extracted an excellent cathartic. April, May. 



