CARYA. CXXIII. JUGLANDACE^E. 491 



2. J. NIGRA. Black Walnut. 



Lfts. numerous (15 21), ovate-lanceolate, serrate, subcordate, tapering 

 above ; petioles and under side of the leaves subpubescent ; fr. globose, with 

 scabrous punctures. The black walnut is a common and stately forest tree 

 in the Middle and Western States, but sparingly found in the Northern. It 

 arises 60 90f ! high with a diameter of 36. In open lands it spreads widely 

 into a spacious head. The duramen of the wood is compact and heavy, of a 

 deep violet color, surrounded with a white alburnum. It is used extensively, 

 west of the Alleghanies, for building, and every where for cabinet work. 

 April, May. 



2. CARYA. 



Gr. xapvcij the walnut, from icapa, roundish ; in allusion to the shape of the nut. 



c? Aments imbricated, slender and mostly 3-parted or trichoto- 

 mous ; scales 3-parted ; stamens 4 6 ; anthers hairy. 9 Calyx 

 4-cleft, superior ; corolla ; styles ; stigma divided, 2-lobed, the 

 lobes bifid ; epicarp 4-valved ; nucleus subquadrangular, even. 

 Large trees. Pubescence stellate. Lfts. few. cT aments branched. 



1. C. ALBA. Nutt. (Juglans squamosa. MX. /.) Shag-bark Walnut or 

 Hickory. Lfts. 5 7, on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 



sharply serrate, villous beneath, the odd one sessile ; aments filiform, smooth ; 

 fr. somewhat quadrangular, smooth. Native throughout the Atlantic States, 

 and abundant farther west. In forests it is very tall and slender, with rough 

 and shaggy bark consisting externally of long, narrow plates loosely adhering 

 by the middle. Like other hickories, the wood is strong and elastic, compact 

 and heavy, and is much used where these qualities are required, as in making 

 hoops, whip stalks, axe handles, the keels of vessels, &c. It is considered 

 superior to all other wood for fuel. The fruit is covered with a very thick epi- 

 carp separating into 4 parts, and containing a thin-shelled, richly-flavored 

 kernel. April, May. 



2. C. TOMENTOSA. Michx. (Juglans alba. Linn.} White Walnut. Mocker- 

 nut Hickory. Lfts. 7 or 9, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly serrate, 



pubescent beneath, odd one subpetiolate ; aments filiform, tomentose ; fr. sub- 

 globose, smooth, with a very thick pericarp ; nut with a hard, thick shell and a 

 small, but agreeably-flavored kernel. This tree is found in all the Atlantic 

 States, growing 50f high in woods. The bark is thick and rugged, but never 

 scaly. In winter it may be known by its la^ge, greyish- white and very hard 

 buds. The drupes, \diich are very various in size, have a small kernel diffi- 

 cult to extract, on which account they are less sought than the shag-barks. 

 April, May. 



3. C. PORCINA. Nutt. (Juglans glabra. Willd.} Hog Walnut. 



Lfts. mostly 7, lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, smooth both sides, odd 

 one subsessile ; fr. and nucleus obcordate or oblong. Found in woods through- 

 out the U. S., growing to the height of 50 70f. The drupes afford small, bit- 

 ter kernels. The wood possesses the general properties of the hickories in 

 a superior degree, and is used wherever great strength is required. If. makes 

 excellent fuel. May. 



4. C. AMARA. Nutt. (Juglans amara. Michx.') Bitternut Hickory. 



Lfts. about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply serrate, smooth both sides 

 except the pubescent veins and midvein, odd one short, petiolate, the rest ses- 

 sile ; fr. subglobose, with the sutures prominent above ; drupe smooth, subglo- 

 bose ; kernel bitter. Grows in most of the U. S., but attains its greatest size in 

 Penn. and along the Ohio valley. The drupe has a thin shell which may be 

 broken by the fingers and contains a kernel so bitter that animals will scarcely 

 touch it. 



5. C. SULCATA. Nutt. (Juglans. Willd. J. laciniosa. MX. Thick Shell-bark. 



Lfls. 7 9, obovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, pubescent beneath, ter- 

 minal one subsessile and attenuate to the base ; fr. roundish, 4-angled, smooth, 

 nut oblong, slightly compressed, conspicuously mucronate. N. Y. to Car. and 



42 



