JUNIPBRUS. CXXXI. CONIFERS. 517 



2. C. DISTYCHA. (Taxodium distychum. L. C. Rich.} Cypress. 



Lvs. in 2 rows (distychous), deciduous, flat ; sterile aments paniculate, leaf- 

 less, pendulous; cone oblong-globose. One of the largest trees of the forest, 

 native of N. J. to Mexico. It grows in wet soils, forming what is called the 

 cypress or cedar swamps of the Southern States. The trunk arises to the height 

 of 125f with a circumference of 25 40f above the conical base. The roots 

 produce large, conical excrescences, which, being hollow, are sometimes used 

 for beehives. The head is wide-spread, and often depressed. Foliage light 

 green and open. Cones 1' diam., composed of the indurated, combined scales. 

 Timber light, fine-grained and durable. 



4. THUJA. 



Gr. Suo), to sacrifice ; the wood is fragrant in burning and was used in sacrifices. 



Flowers . c? in an imbricated ament ; anthers 4, sessile. 9 in 

 a strobile, each scale bearing 2 erect ovules at the base inside ; seed 

 winged ; integument membranous ; cotyledons 2 or more. Trees or 

 shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, squamose, imbricate. 



T. OCCIDENTALIS. Arbor Vitee. 



Branchlets ancipital ; Ivs. imbricate in 4 rows, rhomboid-ovate, appressed, v 

 tuberculate ; cones oblong, the inner scales truncated and gibbous below the 

 tip. This tree is often called white cedar, and from its resemblance might easily 

 be mistaken for the Cupressus thyoides. It abounds in the British Provinces and 

 in the northern parts of the U. S. on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, 

 and in swamps. It has a crooked trunk, rapidly diminishing in size upwards, 

 throwing out branches from base to summit. The evergreen foliage consists 

 of branchlets much more flat and broad than those of the white cedar. Cones 

 terminal, consisting of a few long, loose scales, unlike the round, compact cones 

 of that tree. The wood is very light, soft and durable. Its most important use 

 is for fences. May. 



5. JUNIPfiRUS. 



Celtic Juneprus. rough or rude. 



Flowers cT 9 , rarely <? . c? ament ovate ; scales verticillate, pel- 

 tate ; anthers 4 8f I -celled. 9 ament globose ; scales few, united 

 at base, concave ; ovules 1 at the base of each scale ; berry formed of 

 the enlarged, fleshy scales containing 2 3 bony seeds ; cotyledons 2. 

 Trees or shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, mosfly acerose, opposite or in whorls 



1. J. COMMUNIS. Common Juniper. 



Lvs. ternate, spreading, subulate, mucronate, longer than the berry. A 

 shrub, with numerous, prostrate branches, growing in dry woods and hills, often 

 arising in a slender pyramid, 6 8f high (rarely arboreous, Dr. Robbins!) 

 Leaves arranged in whorls of 3, 5 8" long, acerose-lanceolate, ending in a 

 sharp, bristly point, channeled and glaucous on the midvein above, keeled and 

 green below. Barren flowers in small, axillary aments or cones ; fertile ones 

 on a distinct shrub, small, axillary, sessile. Berries roundish, oblong, dark 

 blue, ripening the second year from the flower. They are then sweetish, with 

 a taste of turpentine. In medicine they are diuretic and cordial. May. 



2. J. VIRGINIANA. (J. Sabina. Hook.} Red Cedar. 



Upper Ivs. imbricate in 4 rows, ovate-lanceolate, pungently acute, appressed, 

 older ones acerose, cuspidate, spreading ; trunk arboreous. Found throughout 

 the U. S., but chiefly in the maritime parts, growing in dry, rocky situations. 

 It is a tree of middle size, sending out numerous, horizontal branches. Leaves 

 dark green, the younger ones small, ovate, acute, scale-like, overlaying each 

 other in 4 rows, upon the subdivided branchlets ; the older ones ' long. Flow- 

 ers inconspicuous, the staminate in oblong, terminal aments, \' long; the fer- 

 tile on separate trees, producing small, bluish berries covered with a white 

 powder. The wood is fine-grained and compact, of a reddish hue, very light 



