130 



SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF DAIRYING. 



applied directly to the separator, and by means of it he imparted 

 to the creaming of milk by centrifugal machines a simplicity that 

 had been previously undreamt of. The first steam-turbine sepa- 

 rator, worked in Germany, was used in the co-operative dairy at 



Elmshorn, in Holstein, 

 where it was placed 

 in the beginning of the 

 year 1887. By means 

 of the turbine the use 

 of steam-engines and 

 the customary con- 

 nections for securing 

 speed could be dis- 

 pensed with. Thus 

 was effected a large 

 saving of plant, of 

 capital, of space, and 

 of lubricating oil, 

 while the efficiency of 

 the work was increased. 

 In order to set it in 

 motion, all that is 

 necessary is to press 

 the cock gradually up- 

 wards, which connects 

 the steam with the 

 turbine. The De Laval 

 separators (figs. 31 

 and 32) require, there- 

 fore, according to the 

 claim of the manu- 

 facturer, steam of only 

 45-lbs. pressure, and 



the Alpha, steam of only 30-lbs. pressure. Nevertheless it is advis- 

 able to use steam of 60 and 45 Ibs. pressure respectively. 



The De Laval separators are especially characterized by the 

 simplicity of their structure and their serviceableness, and by the 

 fact that they are not easily susceptible to disturbing influences. 

 They are excellently suited for private dairies in which creaming is 

 necessarily left to unskilled workers. They have stood the test of 



Fig. 32. Perpendicular Section of Steam-turbine Separator. 



