164 



SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF DAIRYING. 



of Muhlstein form, those of Normandy, Lefeldt, J. J. Schmidt, Olivier, 

 Fouju, Faccioli, Linkler, Eastwood, Bamber, Hathaway, Bradford (fig. 49), 

 Atkinson, W. Hopperton, W. Waide ; (b) those with barrels made of white- 

 metal, the churns of Rangod, W. Alway & Sons, and Harrison. 



(2) Wooden churns which are moved end over end, that of Burchard, 

 Victoria churn (fig. 50), and Ahlborn's Triumph churn. 



(3) Butter churns 

 which are moved by an 

 axle going right through 

 the cask. The churns 

 of Tyndall, Midelot, 

 Thomas & Taylor, and 

 Julius Hummel. To this 

 variety belong the Ame- 

 rican box churn. 



Among the cradle 

 and rocking churns may 

 be mentioned the rock- 

 t ing churn of Wales, the 

 French rocking churn, 

 and the churns of Weisze, 

 Eberding, C. Seeger, H. 

 Fig. 50.-victoria churn. Knappe, Bullard, Da- 



vies, Hathaway, Valen- 

 tine, Landsberg, and A. Geiger (made of glass, for use on the breakfast 

 table), &c. 



86. Churns with Horizontal Barrels. Although churns of this 

 kind exhibit great adaptability of structure, they are compara- 

 tively little used. They are only suitable for hand use, or for use 

 on a small scale, from the fact that when in use they cannot be half- 

 filled. They are unsuitable for use on a large scale, or for churning 

 large quantities of milk, an objection which appertains to all dash 

 churns with horizontal barrels, and consists in the fact that the 

 liquid to be churned is easily polluted on its way from the bowl to 

 the edge of the barrel. It is not easy to introduce a thermometer 

 into the barrel. On the other hand, there is no objection to making 

 the opening of the cask very large, and thereby materially helping 

 the cleansing and airing process. In the case of wood churns. of 

 this kind, the opening of the cask should be wide, the wall through 

 which the bowl goes sufficiently strong, and the paddles so con- 

 structed that they may be taken out. In churning, the barrel makes 



