DISSECTED MODEL OF A PIGEON 

 v (BY EDWIN NOBI.K) 



A: THE EXTERNAL PARTS OK A PIGEON. i. Crcwn. 2. Forehead. 3. Cere: an area cf bare skin found 

 only in birds, such as Pigeons, Hawks and Eagles, and Parrots. 4. Beak. 5. Nape. 6. Th oat. 

 7. Neck. 8. Base cf Neck. 9. Scapulars. 10. Back. n. Wing Coverts. 12. Greater, or Major 

 Coverts. 13. Primaries, or Wing-Quills of the Hand. 14. Tail. 15. Secondaries, or Wing-Quills of 

 the Forearm. 16. Abdomen. 17. Breast. 



B: DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PTERYLOSIS, OR DISTRIBUTION OK THE 

 FEATHERS. i. Head Tract. 2. Ventral Neck Tract. 3. Dorsal 

 Neck Tract. 4. Spinal Tract. 5. Ventral Tract. 6. Wing Tract. 

 7. Femoral Tract. 8. Leg Tract. 9. Oil-Gland very small 

 in the Pigeon. Note the bare, featherless spaces. These 

 are known as the "Apteria," the feather tracts as the 

 "Pterylne." These tracts vary greatly in different 

 species of birds, as may be seen by comparing, say, 

 a sparrow, a fowl, and a pigeon. 



C : DIAGRAM OK THE SKELETON OK A PIGEON. i. Orbit 

 or Socket of the eye. 2. Brain Case. 3. Upper 

 Jaw. 4. Lower Jaw. These two jaws form the 

 "Beak." 5. Neck Vertebrae. 6. Shoulder-blade, 

 concealing the Back-bone. 7, Upper Arm Bone. 

 8. Forearm. 9. Hand. 10. Furcula or " Merry- 

 thought." ii. Keel of Breast-bone or Sternum. 

 12. Hip Girdle. 13. Femur or Thigh bone. 

 14. Tibia or Shank Bone. 15. Tarso- 

 Metatarsus or Foot Bones all that is 

 generally seen of the leg, except the 

 toes, in the living bird. 16. Tees. 

 17. Tail Bones, the last of which is 

 formed by a welding together of 

 several bones to form a large 

 flat plate known as the 

 Pygostyle, and which sup- 

 ports the tail feathers. 



D: DIAGRAM OK A PIGEON IN WHICH THE HEAD AND BACK-BONE is SUPPOSED TO BE SK.KN i\ T SEC- 

 TION, EXPOSING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD (cole ured green). THE OTHER INTERNAL ORGANS 



ARE MUCH AS WOULD BE SEEN IF THE SIDE OF THE BODY WAS REMOVED. (Bones are Coloured 



yellow.) i. Skull. 2. Brain. 3. Spinal Cord. 4. Back-bone, along which the Spinal Cord runs. 

 5. Tongue. 6. Windpipe. 7. Gullet, down which the food passes. A piece of the wall has been cut 

 away from the upper end to show the interior of the tube. 8. The Crop. The outer wall of this has 

 been cut away. During life the Crop is capable of being distended to an enormous extent. 8 1 . Repre- 

 sents the outer wall of the first portion of the Stomach, which is continued backwards into the Gizzard, 

 as shown by the dotted line. The front end of the Gizzard is also indicated by dotted lines, since it 

 is partly concealed by the Liver. 9. Lungs. 10. Heart, n. Keel of the Breast-bone. 12. Liver. 

 13. Intestines. 14. Kidneys. 15. Hinder portion of Gizzard. 



