210 SOILS: PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT 

 Heat Evolved by Wetting Soils Dried at 110° C. 



139. Capillary water. — It has been shown in the pre- 

 vious discussion that a large proportion of the hygroscopic 

 film is beyond the radius of influence of the particle and 

 is not held so rigidly as is the inner portion. In other 

 words, in this film a certain amount of molecular move- 

 ment is possible, this movement depending on the dis- 

 tance from the particle. As soon, how- 

 ever, as the boundary of the hygroscopic 

 film is crossed, a comparatively thick 

 film of moisture is reached in which 

 molecular movement, except for the 

 influence of viscosity, is perfectly free 

 and unimpeded. These two zones (see 

 Fig. 31) — one in which capillary move- 

 ment is more or less free, and a com- 

 paratively thin film in which molecular 

 movement becomes increasingly slug- 

 gish as the radius of influence of the 

 soil grain is approached — are there- 

 differentiated. The capillary water differs 



Fig. 31. — Diagram 

 showing the rela- 

 tionship of the 

 hygroscopic and 

 capillary water 

 films surrounding 

 a soil particle, 

 (s) , particle; 

 (0, zone of influ- 

 ence of particle ; 

 (w), outer edge of 

 hygroscopic zone ; 

 (c), capillary film. 



fore clearly 



from the hygroscopic moisture (l) in that it is largely in 

 a liquid state and consequently is governed by the ordi- 

 nary laws of liquids ; (2) in that it evaporates at ordinary 



