IRRIGATION AND DRY-FARMING 



701 



be broad and low so that they will not interfere with 

 harvesting. This method of flooding is falling into disuse. 

 A phase of check flooding is the basin method of irri- 

 gating orchards, in which small, shallow basins are formed 

 around each tree and separated from the trunk by a block 



Fig. 77. — Implements used in irrigation practice. (A), scraper for 

 making small levees in irrigation furrows; (B), (C) , and (D), wood 

 and metal topoons used to close irrigation furrows and by means 

 of the small openings divide and regulate the flow ; (E) , canvas 

 dam used in flooding from field ditches. The edge of the canvas is 

 held down by a shovelful of earth. 



