148 SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. [Holothurinns. 



descriptions certainly do not support this view. C. leoninn was originally described 

 by Semper as follows* : — 



"Body egg-shaped, 20mm. long, 11mm. in diameter. Yellowish-grey, more 

 darkly sprinkled. Five separate rows of tube-feet, two tube-feet in breadth. No 

 anal teeth. 



" One specimen. Singapore. 



" The genital follicles are very long ; they extend to the hindmost end, and 

 wind around all the organs. There is one large Polian vesicle on the water-vascular 

 ring, and a single dorsally situated stone-canal. The calcareous ring consists of 10 

 simple pieces. The mesenteries are fenestrated membranes. In the skin are found 

 zrAy ' bi'^kles 'f those of the upper layer elongated on one side ; the dentate elonga- 

 tion looks towards *he surface of the skin." 



The original description of C dutnosa may be translated as follows : — 



" Ten almost equal-sized tentacles. Body of the solitary example cylindrical, 

 12 mm. long, 5 mm. thick. A double row of tube-feet on each ambulacrum, besides 

 several small tube-feet in the dorsal interambulacra. Colour uniforml ''«llowish 

 (in spirit). 



" Locality : Peru (Museum Godeffroy). 



" Very similar to the preceding species [C koellikeri], but distinguished by 

 several important characters. There is a distinct muscular stomachj, as in Colo- 

 chirus (wanting in the preceding species). There are 4 long Polian vesicles on the 

 ring-canal. The genital follicles are unbranched, scarcely 1 mm. long, attached at 

 one-third of the distance from the anterior end. The calcareous bodies of the skin 

 (pi. 39, fig. 19) are strikingly similar to those of C. koellikeri." 



We may note the following differences between the two species as described 

 by Semper : — 



(1.) The genital caeca are very long in C. leonina and very short in C. dvMosa. 

 This probably depends upon the state of development. 



(2.) There is only 1 Polian vesicle in C. leonina, while there are 4 in C. dvhiosa. 

 This is certainly a variable character. 



(3.) C. leonina has a calcareous ring of 10 simple pieces. In C. dvhiosa none is 

 mentioned, but our specimen shows that it might easily be overlooked. 



(4.) C. leonina has only one kind of spicule in the skin, while C. dvhiosa has two 

 distinct kinds. The two kinds, however, are essentially of the same type, and doubt- 

 less pass into one another. 



(5.) C. dvhiosa has a muscular stomach (kaumagen), while none such is mentioned 

 in C. leonina. It was probably overlooked, not being very conspicuous. 



Ludwig has described a large number of specimens from the coast of Patagonia,§ 

 and has thereby greatly extended our knowledge of the species. We learn from him 

 not only that anal teeth are present (probably overlooked by Semper), but also 

 that the living animal is of a rosy-red colour ; that single tube-feet may or may 



* " Reisen iin Archipe' der Philippinen," Holothurien. I have translated the description. 



t SchnaUen. The figure shows these to be perforated plates, with one end drawn out and dentate. 



X Kaumagen. 



§ " Zoologische Jahrbiicher," bd. ii, p. 15, 1887. 



