i8 THE PHYSICAL KINSHIP 



sometimes weighs over three hundred pounds, 

 being about the bravest and most formidable un- 

 armed animal on the planet. They are erect or 

 semi-erect, have loud voices, plantigrade feet, and 

 irritable dispositions — in all of these particulars 

 being strikingly like men. The gorilla, chim- 

 panzee, and gibbon are highlanders, preferring 

 the uplands and mountains. The orang is a low- 

 lander, living phlegmatically among the sylvan 

 swamps of Sumatra and Borneo. The gorilla 

 and chimpanzee are terrestrial, seldom going 

 among the trees except to get food or to sleep. 

 The orang and gibbon are arboreal, seldom 

 coming to the ground except to drink or bathe. 

 They all walk on their hind-limbs, generally in a 

 stooping posture, with their knuckles or fingers 

 touching the ground. But they sometimes walk 

 with their arms hanging down by their sides, 

 and sometimes with their hands clasped back of 

 their heads to give them balance. None of them 

 ever place their palms on the ground when they 

 walk — that is, none of them walk on four feet. 

 The anthropoid races, in the shape of their heads 

 and faces and in the general form and structure 

 of their bodies, and even in their habits of life, 

 resemble in a remarkable manner the lowest races 

 of human beings. This resemblance is recognised 

 by the negro races, who call the gorilla and chim- 

 panzee * hairy men,' and believe them to be de- 

 scendants of outcast members of their own species. 

 There are differences in structure between man 

 and the apes, just as there are differences in 



