no THE PSYCHICAL KINSHIP 



II. Evidences of Psychical Evolution. 



That mind has evolved, and that there is a 

 psychical kinship, an actual consanguinity of 

 feelings and ideas, among all the forms of animal 

 life is proved incontestably by the following facts: 



I. The evolution of mind is implied by the fact 

 of the evolution of structures. * I hold,' says 

 Romanes, in the introduction to his great work 

 on ' Mental Evolution,' ' that, if the doctrine of 

 organic evolution is accepted, it carries with it, 

 as a necessary corollary, the doctrine of mental 

 evolution.' It makes no difference what theory 

 we adopt regarding the essential natures of the 

 physical and the psychical — whether we agree with 

 the materia list that mind is an attribute of matter, 

 with the idealist that matter is a creation of mind, 

 with the mqnist that mind and body are only 

 different aspects of the same central entity, or 

 with the dualist that body and soul are two distinct 

 but temporarily dependent existences — we must 

 in any case recognise the fact, which is perceived 

 by all, that there is an ever-faithful parallel be- 

 tween the neural and psychical phenomena of 

 every organism. And if the elements which 

 enter into and make up the physical structure of 

 man have been derived from, and determined by, 

 preceding forms of life, the elements which enter 

 into and make up the psychical counterpart of 

 the physical have also, without any doubt, been 

 inherited from, and determined by, ancestral life 

 forms. 



