200 THE PSYCHICAL KINSHIP 



stick into a steed. Sympathy is the putting or 

 picturing of one's self in the place of another, and 

 by means of the imagination sharing or simulating 

 the psychic conditions of that other. This high 

 and holy exercise of the imagination is exhibited 

 by horses, cattle, dogs, deer, elephants, monkeys, 

 and birds — in fact, by nearly all animals as far 

 down as the fishes and insects. 



Emotion is the stirring of the sensibilities by 

 way of the intellect or the imagination. The 

 following emotions are found in non-human 

 beings : fear, surprise, affection, pugnacity, play, 

 pride, anger, jealousy, curiosity, sympathy, emula- 

 tion, resentment, appreciation of the beautiful, 

 grief, hate, cruelty, joy, benevolence, revenge, 

 shame, remorse, and appreciation of the ludicrous. 

 Excepting the emotions of conscience and religion, 

 which are really compounds, with fear as the main 

 ingredient, this list of non-human emotions is co- 

 extensive with the list of human emotions. Many 

 of these emotions germinate low down in the 

 animal kingdom, fear, anger, sexuality, and 

 jealousy all being found in fishes and in the 

 higher invertebrates. In the higher vertebrates 

 many of these emotions are almost as strong as 

 they are in men. Does anyone who has felt the 

 throbbing sides of a frightened puppy or hare 

 have any doubt that these creatures suffer the 

 keenest agony of fear ? Apes have been known to 

 fall down and faint when suddenly confronted by 

 a snake, so great is their instinctive horror of 

 serpents ; and gray parrots, which are extremely 



