THE ELEMENTS OF MIND 207 



enjoy entertaining their friends with grimaces, by 

 carrying a cane, putting a tin dish on their heads, 

 or other droll antics. These intelligent animals 

 have a sufBciently high appreciation of the ludi- 

 crous to dislike ridicule. Like human being?, 

 they can't endure being laughed at, and get mad 

 if they are made the victims of a joke. Romanes' 

 monkey was one day asked to crack a nut for the 

 amusement of a visitor. The nut turned out to 

 be a bad one, and the melancholy look of disap- 

 pointment on the monkey's face caused the visitor 

 to laugh. The insulted monkey flew into a rage, 

 and hurled the nut at the offending scoffer, then 

 the hammer, and finally the coffee-pot which 

 simmered on the grate fire (10). Darwin tells of 

 a baboon in the Zoological Gardens of London 

 who always became infuriated every time his 

 keeper took out a letter or book and read aloud to 

 him. On one occasion when Darwin was present 

 the baboon became so furious that he bit his own 

 leg until it bled (15). 



The emotion variously known as shame, regret, 

 repentance, and remorse, is not common among 

 the non-human races. It is found sometimes in 

 dogs and monkeys, and especially in educated 

 anthropoids. But this emotion is exceedingly 

 rare among savages, and is not at all universal 

 even among civilised societies of men. Some 

 animals manifest self-restraint, which is an ex- 

 ceedingly elite quality of mind, and one not so 

 common as it might be even among the higher 

 breeds of mankind. By restraint is meant the 



