208 CONSCIOUSNESS IN 



able part in ministering to the guidance of civilized human 

 beings, is of the very greatest importance as an intellectual 

 sense to many different kinds of lower animals, and is fre- 

 quently, like other sensorial endowments, very keen in 

 some of the less civilized human races.* 



In such creatures as Worms, and in the majority of 

 Mollusks, it seems probable that the sense of Smell is 

 either absent or else extremely vague and indefinite. 

 There is reason to believe that it exists in Gasteropods, 

 in the various kinds of Cuttle-fish, and in many Crus- 

 tacea. In some Insects a keenly developed sense of 

 Smell appears to be the dominating sense endowment. 

 Sir John Lubbock has shown that the most intelligent of 

 Insects, namely the social Ants, seem incapable of appre- 

 ciating sounds, and that they make comparatively little 

 use of their small eyes. Their leading sense is, unques- 

 tionably, that of Smell. f It seems to be by aid of this 

 faculty that they find their w^ay about, and follow their 

 multifarious daily avocations. A recent writer, speaking 

 of the mode in which Ants follow an established trail, 

 says I — 



" I have experimented with this, frequently obliterating the 

 scent for a space of but a few inches, and watching the puzzled 

 wanderers, each going an inch or less beyond his predecessors, 

 hunting the lost clue until the blank was finally bridged over. 

 After that, if the new route, as re-opened, differed from the old, 

 it was nevertheless rigidly followed, even if longer and less 

 direct." 



Again, as evidence that Bees and Butterflies select the 



* In regard to this latter subject, many very interesting facts 

 will be found recorded in Houzeau's work " Lcs Facultes Mentalea 

 des Animaux," 1872, vol. i. pp. 90-94. 



t '-Journal of Linn. Soc," vol. xiii. (Zuol.), pp. 239, 2-14; and 

 "Nature," April 10, 1873, p. 444. 



X " Nature," February 7, 1878, p. 282. 



