Ciivp. XV.] IMAGINATION AND VOLITION. 239 



iVgaiii, not to be able to supplement one mode of sen- 

 sorial guidance by another, as in the follovvmg shnple case, 

 recorded by the same able observer, reveals what seems to 

 be a. strange lack of adaptive intelligence on the part of 

 the Bee. 



" At 10.15 I put a bee into a bell-glass, 18 inches long, and with 

 a mouth 6^- inches wide, turning the closed end to the window; she 

 buzzed about till 11.16, when, as there seemed no chance of her 

 getting out, I put her back into the hive. Two flies, on the con- 

 trary, which I put in with her, got out at once. At 11.30 I put 

 another bee and a fly into the same glass ; the latter flew out at 

 once. For half an hour the bee tried to get out at the closed end ; 

 I then turned the glass with the open end to the light, when she 

 flew out at once. To make sure, 1 repeated the experiment once 

 more, with the same result." 



** Both bees and wasps," Sir John Lubbock thinks, 

 " find their way about by a ' sense of Direction ' rather than 

 that of Sight, though the wasp does not so helplessly 

 ignore the latter source of knowledge as the bee seems to 

 do." The Ant, on the contrary, appears to have scarcely 

 any * sense of Direction.' It seems to guide itself almost 

 wholly by its sense of Smell, and, when baffled on such a 

 track, wanders about vainly, making little or no use of its 

 sense of Sight. This has been most clearly shown.* 



Ants often take little, or, mostly, no notice of friends in 

 distress, or of dead ants lying in their path, yet if one 

 or two are crushed to death, in some portion of a fre- 

 quented track, all those arriving just afterwards at the 

 spot appear to become frightened and bewildered. They 

 run hither and thither in an excited manner, and soon 

 either w^ander away or return. This is, perhaps, due in the 

 main to a very strong odour emanating from the crushed 

 Ants, rather than to any violent emotion produced by the 



* " Jouru. of Linn. See," vol. xiii. pp. 239-244 



