330 THE MENTAL CAPACITIES AND 



conditions, as well as of dealing with tliem in order to effect 

 liis own ends, can only be described as highly remarkable. 

 The following paragraph seems, however, to refer to 

 the emotional manifestations of an adult Chimpanzee.* 



" From a study of a fine pair of Chimpanzees in the Philadelphia 

 Zoological Garden, Mr. A. E. Brown has obtained several interest- 

 ing evidences of a rather high degree of mental power in this 

 species. One of the pair lately died, and the behaviour of the 

 surviving one seemed to bear somewhat on the acquired nature of 

 the physical means by which our own strongly excited emotions 

 find relief, as well as on the origin of those emotions themselves. 

 Evidences of a certain degree of genuine grief were well marked. 

 The animals had been great friends ; they never quarrelled. On 

 the first cry of fright from one, the other was instantly prepared 

 to do battle in its behalf. It was early in a morning when the 

 female died, and when the survivor found it im2:>ossible to arouse 

 her his grief and rage were painful to witness .... The ordinary 

 yell of rage at first set up finally changed to a cry, the like of which 

 he had never been heard to utter before, and which would be most 

 nearly represented by ' hah-ah-ah-ah-ah,' uttered somewhat under 

 the breath and with a plaintive sound like a moan. Crying thus, 

 he would lift up her head and then her hands, only to let them fall 

 again. After her body was removed he became more quiet; but, 

 catching sight of it on its being carried past the cage, he became 

 violent and cried for the rest of that day. The day following he 

 Bat still most of the time and moaned continuously ; this gradually 

 passed away, the j^laintive cry became le«s frequent, but when he 

 was angry it would be heard at the close of the fits just as the 

 sobbing of a child after a passionate fit of crying. It soon became 

 apparent that his recollection of the nature of the past association 

 was becoming less and less vivid ; still it was noticed that, while 

 the two used to sleep together in one blanket on the fioor, he now 

 invariably slept on a cross beam at the top of the cage, returning 

 to inherited habit, and probably showing that the apprehension of 

 unseen dangers had been heighlened by his sense of loneliness. A 

 high degree of permanence in grief of this nature in all probability 

 belongs only to man." 



* The Times, April 19, 1879. 



