386 THE EXTERNAL CONFIGURATION 



regions of the Cerebrum, the primary convokitions of the upper 

 frontal and outer parietal regions are, on the whole, the best de- 

 veloped ; those of the middle and lower frontal regions, the temporal 

 region, the central lobes, and the inner surface the next ; whilst 

 those of the orbital surface and occipital lobe are the least de- 

 veloped." 



" Of the Connecting Convolutions, those highly important and 

 significant folds, the external connecting convolutions are, in com- 

 parison with those of the European brain, still more remarkably 

 defective than the primary convolutions. All four of these con- 

 volutions are present; but all are characteristically short, narrow, 

 and simple, instead of being complex and occupying a large space; 

 hence, though the external perpendicular fissure is soon filled up, 

 the parietal and occipital lobes are more easily distinguishable from 



one another than in the European brain The numerous 



sulci and convolutions, which so complicate the longer ones in the 

 European brains, are everywhere decidedly less developed in the 

 Bushwoman — but especially so in the occipital and orbital regions, 

 on the bent convolution, and on the external connecting convolu- 

 tions. This is a further sign of structural inferiority." 



Compared with that of the Hottentot Venus, the Bush- 

 woman's brain is, ** in nearly all cases where comparison 

 is possible, a little, though a very little, more advanced 

 and complex in its convolutional development — the one 

 exception being in regard to the size of the occipital and 

 external connecting convolutions, which are smaller in the 

 Busb woman." But the resemblance between the con- 

 volutions of the two brains is very close, whilst the sim- 

 plicity of their arrangement is not to be paralleled or even 

 approached in normal European brains. 



It remains now to point out rather more fully the 

 nature of the principal diiicrences presented by the brains 

 of Europeans Avhcn contrasted with those of the lower 

 human types to which we have hiilu^rto been referring. 

 This, however, is a somewhat difficult task, because wide 

 individual diU'crenccs, relating to many details of structure, 



