474 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE 



pairs of Cranial Nerves, and also with the anterior hranches 

 of the several Spinal Nerves along the whole length of 

 the Cord. The latter communications are mostly brought 

 about, on each side, by pairs of filaments (some of whose 

 fibres are 'afferent' whilst others are 'efferent'), passing 

 between the several anterior spinal nerves and the corre- 

 sponding ganglia of the ' Sympathetic ' — the latter being 

 situated a little in front of the spinal nerves (fig. 170). 

 Other Ganglia, moreover, are found at the junctions of 

 some of the above-mentioned Cranial Nerves with the 

 lateral cords of the ' Great Sympathetic' 



(b.) From the ganglionated cord on each side, numerous 

 internal hranches are given off which unite with one 

 another, with those of the opposite side, and with filaments 

 of the Vagus Nerves, so as to form either great Plexuses 

 or Ganglia, or both together, whence multitudes of nerves 

 are sent to or received from the various Viscera. On the 

 course of these latter nerves smaller ganglia are often 

 found. 



The principal systemic Plexuses are situated about the 

 heart and roots of the respiratory organs ; in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the stomach (' solar plexus ') ; and also in 

 the vicinity of the bladder and internal organs of genera- 

 tion. 



The nerves in connection with those Plexuses which 



8, its anastomoses with a Lrancli of the Spinal-accessory ; 4, Pharyngeal branch ; 

 5, superior Laryngeal nerve; 6, external Laryngeal; 7, Laryngeal plexus; S, sui-)erior 

 Cardiac nerve ; 9, middle Cardiac ; 10, 10, recurrent Laryngeal nerve ; 11, Pulmonary 

 ganglion ; 12, its anastomoses with the great Sympathetic ; 13, posterior pulmonary 

 plexus ; 14, Esophageal plexus ; 15, anastomoses of the right with the left Pneumo- 

 gastric; 16, branches of the Cardiac extremity of the Stomach ; 17, branches of the 

 smaller curvature ; 18, branches of the anterior face ; 19, lleitatie branches ; 20, Glosso- 

 phar3'ngcal nerve ; 21, Spinal-accessory; 22, its internal branch anastomosing with 

 the Pneumogastric ; 23, its external branch iiroceeding to the Trapezius and anas- 

 tomosing with (24) the fourth Cervical nerve ; 25, sui^crior, and 2(3, middle Cervical 

 ganglion ; 27, inferior Cervical ganglion united with the first Dorsal ; 28, 29, 32, 

 Dorsal ganglia ; 30, great Splanchnic nerve ; 31, origin of the Phrenic nerve. 



In this figure, the Heart has been cut away, the left Liuig drawn forward and iti 

 root, partly disaected, and the Liver has been partly i-eflccted from the Stomach. 



