542 PHRENOLOGY: OLD AND NEW. 



Sense * impressions by psychologists that it becomes above 

 all things necessary for clear and comprehensive notions 

 to be entertained as to the real nature of any such en- 

 dowment. Prof. Bain, for instance, maintains that unless 

 certain views are held in regard to the muscular sense — 

 unless it be deemed, as he terms it, an ' active ' mode 

 of sensibility directly dependent VL])on motor nerves and 

 motor centres — *'the most vital distinction within the 

 sphere of mind is bereft of all physiological support."* 

 This may or may not be true ; but in any case it shows 

 the importance of being able to arrive at correct notions 

 concerning an endowment upon the nature of which so 

 much of philosophical doctrine is supposed to depend. 

 Croom Eobertson has also of latef referred to the sub- 

 ject as " one of the first importance in the psychology of 

 the present day." 



The views expressed at different times in regard to the 



* Muscular Sense,' and the means by which we appreciate 



* resistance ' have been so various and contradictory as to 

 make it almost impossible to give the student of this 

 question any adequate notion of the real problems requiring 

 solution without bringing together some historical notes 

 illustrative of the various opinions that have been held 

 on the subject. Some of these notes of earlier date were 

 originally supplied by Sir Wm. Hamilton ; but, as much 

 light has recently been thrown upon the subject by obser- 

 vations of cases of Hemi-annosthesia occurringin the human 

 subject it is in all respects convenient, and even necessary, 

 that the whole question should be reconsidered. This 

 has been don* ; but as the discussion of the question 

 constitutes a digression too lengthy to be introduced into 

 this chaj^ter, and as it is evidently technical in nature, it 



■ •' Senses and Intellect," 3id ed., p. 77, 

 t "Mind," 1377, p. 98. 



