OHAP. XXVL] VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS, 



563 



gradual development of inherited Nervous Mechanisms — due to the 

 successive education of many preceding generations. They are 

 clearly not new Movements, acquired afresh by each individual, as 

 would be the case, for instance, with those persons who learn to 

 swim, to dance, or to play upon any musical instrument. In the 

 one set of cases Yolitional Efforts are met more than half way by 

 inherited developmental tendencies ; whilst in the other set, and 

 in the case of all new Yolitional Movements acquired by adults, 

 the Volitional Influences are aided only by those natural organic 

 proclivities to the development of new nervous mechanisms, which 

 originally (under the influence of suitable stimuh) led to the pri- 

 mary genesis of jSTerve Tissues, and which may safely be deemed 

 to be still operative in all animals, whether high or low. 

 Classification of Movements. 



Movements 



Acquired by the 



Jndividaal. 



3Iovements 



Inherl'ed by tht 



Individual, 



L Volitional. 



II. Secondary 



Automatic. 



(Hartley.; 



III. Primary 



Automatic. 



'a. Wliere the Movements them- 

 selves are familiar and easy. 



b. Wliere the Movements them- 

 selves are unfamiliar and 

 difficult. 



'a. Movements learned by each 

 individual for himself which, 

 subsequently, after long 

 practice become familiar and 

 easy of execution. 



b. Movements which cq^^ear to a^ 

 need learning by each indi- 

 vidual, merely because their 

 neivous mechanisms are not 

 developed at the time of 

 birth. 

 Movements learned by ante- b. > 

 cedent generations of ani- 

 mals, now capable of being 

 instinctively performed at 

 birth, owing to inherited 

 mechanisms being at this 

 time sufficiently developed. 



Volitional acts are, therefore, merely Automatic acts in process 

 of formation, first of all for the Individual, and subsequently, it 

 may be, for the Race. Where such Movements have been acquired 

 or learned for the Race, unless the inherited correlative IS'ervous 

 Mechanisms are developed at the time of birth, Yolitions may in 

 each Individual again intervene and act as stimuli during the time 

 that such inherited Mechanisms are undergoing their j^roper degree 

 of development. 



Taking the Spinal and Medullary Motor Mechanisms 

 ab being either developed or in process of development, we 



