Chap. XXIX.] SPEECH AND THOUGHT. 641 



incapable of using the right hand and arm. She seemed thoroughly 

 to understand everything that was said to her, and had in great 

 measure regained her power of speaking. She could repeat almost 

 any word uttered in her hearing, and this without hesitation, 

 though she could not read even the simplest words in large type. 

 Yet the same words could be uttered with ease immediately on 

 hearing them pronounced. She copied the written word ' Lon- 

 don ' fairly tuell with her left hand, hut could not write ' cat ' or 

 * fZo//,' after merely hearing them pronounced, though she could 

 spell the same words quite well. She could not even write the 



first letter of either of these words Twelve months 



afterwards she was found to be in much the same condition. 

 Could not read aloud even such simple words as * and ' and ' for' ; 

 could point out any letters which were named with the greatest 

 ease, hut could not herself name the letters when they were pointed 

 to. She had improved in her power of walking, and was also 

 able to talk rather better. She could read a letter silently so as 

 to understand it, though she did not always seem to comprehend 

 what she read in a newspaper or a book. When seen again, four 

 years afterwards, this patient was found to be in much the same 

 condition. 



It is worthy of note that during the early stages of this 

 woman's illness, she seemed to be suffering from ordinary 

 Aphasia witli right-sided paralysis ; it was only after she 

 recovered her power of Speaking that it was possible to 

 obtain evidence of the more special defects above illus- 

 ti^ated, which pointed, as may be seen, to a severance of 

 functional relation between the left Auditory and Visual 

 Word- Centres. Thus she could not read aloud, neither 

 could she write from dictation — both of them being acts 

 which require the conjoint activity of these two Centres.* 

 But she could freely articulate words which she heard, 

 and could copy writing easily with her left hand — 

 Ijecause these were acts, one of which called the Auditory 



* Especially in persons not very well educated, and therefore not 

 thoroughly habituated to the performance of these processes. Ex- 

 ceptions, however, may occur to this rule (see p. 624). 



