CONTENTS. XTII 



PAGB 



Kafir bread. The PLANTAIN and BANANA ; various products of these 

 palms. STARCH-PRODUCING PLANTS investigated. Characters of starch 

 from different plants. Tenacity and clearness of jellies ; per centage of 

 starch yielded, and produce of plant per acre ; their meal as articles of 

 export. Indian Corn starch. Rice starch. ARROWROOT : East and 

 West India, culture and statistics of. ROOT CROPS : Potatoes, Yams, 

 Cocos, or Eddoes, S\veet Potatoes, Cassava or Manioc. NEW TUBE- 

 ROUS PLANTS recommended as substitutes for the potato. MISCELLA- 

 NEOUS FOOD PLANTS. LICHENS and MOSSES. FERNS. 



SECTION III. SPICES, AROMATIC CONDIMENTS, AND FRAGRANT WOODS, 382 



CINNAMON. Limited range of the culture in Ceylon. Analysis of the soil 

 most favorable to the tree. Peeling. Various kinds of bark ; com- 

 mercial classification, distinguishing properties of good cinnamon ; 

 suitability of the Straits Settlement for cinnamon plantations ; oil of 

 cinnamon ; statistics and exports from Ceylon, and prices realised ; re- 

 duction of the duty ; extent of land under cultivation with the tree ; pro 

 grees of the culture in Java ; exports thence to Holland. CASSIA BARK : 

 species from whence derived ; imports, consumption and prices. Cassia 

 Buds. Cassia Oil. CANELLA ALBA. CASCARILLA BARK. CLOVES: descrip- 

 tion and varieties of the tree. Produce in Java. Introduction into the 

 West Indies. Progress of the culture in Pinang and Singapore. The 

 Clove plantations of Zanzibar. Imports and consumption of the United 

 Kingdom. The NUTMEG : Botanical description. Dr. Oxley's ac- 

 count of the cultivation and management of a plantation ; enemies of 

 the tree. Produce and returns. Preparation of the nuts for market. 

 Statistics of culture in the Straits Settlements. Memorandum on the 

 duties on nutmegs. Exports of nutmegs from Singapore and Java. 

 Imports into the United Kingdom, and consumption of wild and cul- 

 tivated nutmegs and mace. GINGER : description and consumption of. 

 Commercial distinction between black and white ginger. East and 

 West India ginger, directions for cultivation. Shipments from Ja- 

 maica. Comparison between the imports from the East and from the 

 West. Total annual imports and consumption. GALANGALE ROOT. 

 CARDAMOMS ; plants from which derived. Grains of Paradise. Mele- 

 guetta, or Guinea pepper. PEPPER : description of the vine ; range of 

 the plant. Production of the World. The culture declining in Java. 

 Extent of the production in Singapore. Exports from Ceylon. Its 

 introduction into the Mauritius. Shipments from Singapore. Imports 

 and consumption of the United Kingdom. CHILLIES AND CAYENNE 

 PEPPER : varieties of Capsicum. PIMENTO : description of the tiee ; 

 production of the spice limited to Jamaica. Imports and consumption. 

 VANILLA: description of the plant. Its collection and preparation for the 

 market. Commei-cial varieties. Tonquin beans. TURMERIC : sources 

 of supply. Commercial uses. Value of the Curry stuffs of the East. 

 Imports and consumption. GINSENG: description of demand for in 

 China, exports from America, and commercial value. Canary, Corian- 

 der, mustard and anise seeds. PUTCHUK, or COSTUS. LIGNUM ALOES, 

 and fragrant woods. 



SECTION IV. DYES AND COLORING STUFFS AND TANNING SUBSTANCES 439 



Importance and value of these substances to our manufacturing interests. 

 New specimens and materials recently produced. Miscellaneous 

 notices of useful plants. Lana Dye. Prices of Dyewoods. Red 

 SANDERS WOOD. FUSTIC. SAPPAN WOOD, Camwood and Barwood. Im- 

 ports of Dyewoods. ARNATTO. Commercial kinds. Cultivation and 

 manufacture. Imports, consumption and prices. CHAYROOT. Wood 

 Byes. Mangro\e Bark. SUMACH. Statistics of imports and prices. 



