JULSE. 



supplies of the seed i'rom (Vnnany and 11>" Mcditcn-aii'-iin. ami 

 the duty on imports is 2s. 6d. per bushel. 



PULSE. 



TUEEE are a variety of pulses and leguminous seeds extensively 

 cultivated as food for both man and cattle, and which form an 

 important article in the husbandry of tropical countries. The 

 importance of peas and beans is well appreciated, both by the 

 horticulturists and agriculturists in Europe and our temperate 

 colonies, where, however, they are comparatively of less impor- 

 tance than the smaller pulses and grains are in various tropical 

 countries, such as haricots in the Brazils and "West Indies ; 

 ground or earth nuts in South America, and especially in Western 

 Africa ; beans of different kinds amongst the miners of Peru ; gram 

 (Ervum lens), and dholl (Cajanus), with innumerable varieties 

 of beans and small lentils among the natives of India and Egypt ; 

 and the Carob bean, or St. John's bread (Ceratonia siliqua,) in the 

 Mediterranean countries. (" Jury Reports.") 



Of leguminous grains there are various species cultivated and 

 used by the Asiatics, as the Phaseolus Munyo, P. Max and P. 

 radiatus, which contain much alimentary matter ; the earth-nut 

 (Arachis hypogaea), which buries its pods under ground after 

 flowering. 



The gram (Cicer arictinum) which is mentioned by Dr. Christie 

 ("Madras Journal of Science," No. 13) as exuding oxalic acid 

 from all parts of the plant. It is used by the ryots in their 

 curries instead of vinegar. It is the chick pea of England, and 

 chenna of Hindostan. 



Among the most commonly cultivated leguminous plants are 

 the lentil (Ervum lens), horse gram (Dolichos biflorus, Linn), various 

 species of Cytisus and Cajanus, &c. Many of these are grown 

 in India as fodder plants ; others for their seeds, known as gram, 

 dholl, &c. The Cajanus jlavus, of Decandolle (Cytisus Cajari), is 

 very generally cultivated along the AVestern coast of Africa, and 

 continues to bear for three years. Several species of dolichon are 

 used as food in various countries, as D. cnsiformus in Jamaica, 

 D. tuberosus in Martinique, D. lulbosus and D. lignosus in the 

 East Indies. 



The vessels of the North bring to Shanghae a great quantity 

 of a dry paste, known under the name of tanping, the residuum or 

 husk of a leguminous plant called Teuss, from which the Chinese 

 extract oil, and which is used, after being pressed, as manure for 

 the ground. Captain H. Biggs, in a communication to the Agri.- 

 Hort. Soc. of India, in 1845, states that of the esculents a large 

 white pea forms the staple of the trade of Shanghae, or nearly so, 

 to the astonishing amount of two and a-half millions sterling. 

 This he gives on the authority of the Rev. Mr. Medhurst, of 

 Shanghae, and Mr. Thorns, British Consul at Ningpo. These 



