DYES AND COLORING STUFFS. 447 



In 1841 upwards of 3,000 tons of dye wood? were imported into 

 Liverpool from the western coast of Africa. 



CAMWOOD (BapMa nitida) is used as a mordant and for pro- 

 ducing the bright red color seen in English bandana handkerchiefs. 

 The imports from Sierra Leone to Liverpool in 1849 were 216 tons, 

 worth 20 to 25 per ton. 



Gaboon barwood is another variety of this dyewood which is 

 imported from the west coast of Africa, in straight flat pieces, from 

 three to five feet in length; the average annual import being 

 about 2,000 tons, of the value of 4 a ton. 



The imports of barwood into Liverpool were in 



Tons. Tons. 



1835 2,000 



1836 1,000 



1837 1,150 



1838 650 



1839 350 



1841 2,012 



1850 1,710 



Dyewoods imported in 1850. Re-exported. 



Logwood 32,930 4,332 



Fustic 9,808 1,771 



Nicaragua 7,909 112 



Barwood 1,896 1,229 



Sappan 3,670 



Green Ebony, and \ , , ,,* 



Cocuswood y j X > 457 ~ 



RedSanders 656 



Camwood 416 



Brazil and Brazillito 309 



59,051 7,444 



Thus we perceive the annual consumption of heavy dyewoods in 

 this country, in dyeing cotton, linen, woollen and silk 'goods, &c., 

 exceeds in weight 51,000 tons. 



ABNOTTO. The plants of this family are chiefly natives of the 

 warmest parts of South America, the East and West Indies, and 

 Africa. In America the seeds are called achote or roucou. From 

 the port .of Barcelona, in Venezuela, about 2,000 quintals are 

 annually exported. The species grown for its dye is the Bixa 

 orellana. It is used to impart a bright orange color to silk goods, 

 and to afford a deeper shade to simple yellows. The dry hard 

 paste is also found to be the best of all ingredients for giving a 

 golden tint to cheese or butter. A convenient liquid prepar ation 

 is now sold to dairymen. The Spanish Americans mix it with 

 their chocolate, to which it gives a beautiful rich hue. 



It is of two sorts, viz. : 



1. Flag or cake arnotto, which is by far the most important 

 article in a commercial point of view, is furnished almost wholly by 

 Cayenne. It is imported in square cakes, weighing two or three 

 pounds each, wrapped in banana leaves, packed in casks. 



2. Roll arnotto is principally brought from Brazil. The rolls 

 are small, not exceeding two or three ounces in weight. It is 



