484 DYES AND COLORING STUFFS. 



Madder. Madder roots. Garancine. Total, 



cwts. cwts. cwts. cwts. 



1848 81,261 . 139,463 . 5,955 . 276,679 



1849 

 1850 

 1851 

 1852 



92,736 



100,248 



92,925 



84,385 



161,986 

 161,613 

 202,091 

 179,813 



4,969 

 5,845 

 9,382 



259,691 

 267,706 

 304,398 



We imported from France, duty free, the following : 



Madder. Official value. Madder-root, 



cwts. cwts. 



1848 . . 54,084 . . 122,851 . . 25,068 . . 70,749 



1849 . . 57,108 . . 131,059 . . 23,459 . . 81,274 



1850 . . 54,559 . . 123,628 . . 13,693 . . 55,263 



1851 . . 65,577 . . 151,502 . . 34,017 . . 167,721 



The price in the Liverpool market, in June 1853, for Bombay 

 madder-roots was 1 18s. to 2 14s. the cwt. 



INDIAN MADDEB. Hubia cordifolia, or Munjestha, a variety 

 with white flowers, a native of Siberia, is cultivated largely in the 

 East, particularly about Assam, Nepaul, Bombay, Scinde, Quitta, 

 China, &c., for its dye-stuff, and is known as Munjeet. A small 

 quantity is exported from China and India ; about 338 Indian 

 maunds were shipped from Calcutta in 1840, and 2,328 in 1841. 

 It fetches in the London and Liverpool markets from 20s. to 25s. 

 and 30s. per cwt., duty free ; 405 tons were imported into Liverpool 

 from Bombay and Calcutta, in 1849, and 525 tons in 1850, but 

 none was imported in 1851 and 1852. 



It was remarked by the Jury in 1851, at the Great Exhibition, 

 that this is a valuable dye-stuff, and hitherto not so well appre- 

 ciated as it deserves, for some of the colors dyed with it are quite 

 as permanent as those dyed with madder, and even more brilliant. 

 Its use however is gradually increasing, and it is unquestionably 

 well worthy the attention of dyers. 



LOGWOOD. The logwood of commerce is the red heart wood, or 

 duramen, of a fine lofty growing tree (Jiaematroxylon Gampechia- 

 nim), growing in Campeachy and the bay of Honduras, and which is 

 also now common in the woods of Jamaica and St. Domingo. It is 

 principally imported as a dye wood, cut into short lengths. "We chip, 

 grind, and pack it into casks and bags, ready for the dyers, hatters, 

 and printers' use, who esteem it as affording the most durable deep 

 red and black dyes. It is sometimes used in medicine as an astrin- 

 gent. That grown in Jamaica is least valued ; that of Honduras, 

 Tobasco, and St. Domingo, fetches a somewhat higher price ; but 

 that imported from Campeachy direct, is the most esteemed. The 

 annual imports into Liverpool are about 1,300 tons from Hon- 

 duras, 100 from Tobasco, and 1,800 from Campeachy. 



It thrives best in a damp tenacious soil, with a small proportion 

 of sand. It is imported in logs, which are afterwards chipped, and 

 is of great commercial importance from its valuable dyeing pro- 

 perties. Old wood is preferred ; it is so hard as almost to be 



