BRAZIL WOOD. 485 



indestructible by the atmosphere. The albumen is of a yellow- 

 ish color, and is not imported. The bark and wood are slightly 

 astringent. The imports of logwood into the United Kingdom 

 were 23,192 tons in 1848, 23,996 tons in 1849, and 34,090 

 tons in 1850, of which 3,484 tons were re-exported in 1848, and 

 2,307 tons in 1849. The imports in the past two years of 1852 

 and 1853, have averaged 20,000 tons, of which about 3,000 tons 

 were re-exported. It is increasing in use, for in 1837, the quan- 

 tity retained for home use was only 14,677^ tons. The price 

 varies according to quality from 4 to 7 per ton. 



"We received from Honduras 5,401 tons in 1844 ; and 55,824 tons 

 in 1845. From Montego Bay, Jamaica, 398 tons were shipped 

 between January and July 1851. 



FUSTIC. This is the common name of a species of dye wood 

 in extensive use, which is obtained from Madura tinctoria, or 

 Broussonitia tinctoria, Kunth, a large and handsome evergreen tree, 

 growing in South America and the West Indies. The wood is 

 extensively used as an ingredient in the dyeing of yellow, and is 

 largely imported for that purpose. The quantity entered for 

 home consumption in the United Kingdom was 1,731 tons in 

 1847, 1,G53 in 1848, and 1,842 tons in 1849. 



Ninety-one tons were shipped from Montego Bay, Jamaica, in 

 the first six months of 1851. 



QUERCITRON. This bark furnishes a yellow dye, of which about 

 3,500 tons are annually imported in hogsheads of from half a ton 

 to a ton. 296 tons were imported into Liverpool from Philadel- 

 phia in 1849, and 514 tons in 1850. 



BRAZIL WOOD. This very ponderous wood is obtained in 

 Brazil from the O&salpina Braziliensis, which yields a red or 

 crimson dye, when united with alum or tartar, and is used by silk 

 dyers. It is imported principally from Pernambuco, 1,200 quintals 

 having been shipped to London in 1835, but about 500 tons, 

 worth about 4 a ton, were imported from Costa Eica in 1845. 



The tree is large, crooked, and knotty, and the bark is thick, 

 and equals the third or fourth of its diameter. 



The imports may be stated at about 600 tons annually, the 

 average price being 50 per ton. 



Brazil wood is found in the greatest abundance and of the best 

 quality, in the Province of Pernambuco, but being a government 

 monopoly it has been cut down in so improvident a manner, that 

 it is now seldom seen within several leagues of the coast. 



Among the Cuba dye woods is Copey (Clusia rosea, Linn). 



Braziletto, obtained from C. Crista, is one of the cheapest and 

 least esteemed of the red dye woods, imported from Jamaica and 

 other West India islands to the extent of 150 tons per annum, 

 fetching 6 to 8 per ton. 2,361 tons of Nicaragua wood were im- 

 ported in 1848, 2,701 tons in 1849, and 6,130 tons in 1850. 



Spain exhibited various vegetable dyes obtained from cultivated 

 and wild plants furnished by the Agricultural Board of Saragossa. 



