510 



OLEAGINOUS PLANTS. 



gallons of olive, rape-seed or other oils, being used in the preparation 

 of every pack of wool, for cloth (independent of the quantity used 

 in soap, applicable to the woollen manufactures), it follows that 

 five gallons on 801,566 packs are equal to 4,007,830 gallons, or 

 15,904 tuns ; and adding for olive or sperm oil used in machinery 

 1-llth of the whole, 1,446 tuns, the total quantity consumed is 

 17,350 tuns. (" Enderby on the South Whale Fishery.") 



Fixed oils are found in the cells and intercellular spaces of the 

 fruit, leaves, and other parts of plants. 



Some of these are drying oils, as linseed oil, from Linum usitatis- 

 timum ; some are fat oils, as that from olives (fruit of Olea 

 sativa or Europcea) ; whilst others are solid, as palm oil. 



The solid oils or fats procured from plants are, butter of cacao, 

 from Theobroma cacao ; of cinnamon from Cinnamomum verum ; 

 of nutmeg, from Myristica moschata ; of coco-nut, from Cocos 

 nucifera ; of laurel, from Laurus nolilis ; of palm oil, from Elais 

 guianiensis ; Shea butter, from Bassia Parkii : Galam butter, or 

 Ghee, from Bassia butyracea; and vegetable tallow, from Stillingia 

 sebifera in China, from Vateria indica in Canara and China, and 

 from Pentadesma butyracea in Sierra Leone, and from the almond. 

 These oils contain a large amount of stearine, and are used as 

 substitutes for fat. Some of them are imported in large quantities, 

 and enter into the composition of soap, candles, &c. 



Castor oil, from the seeds of Eicinus communis, differs from 

 other fixed oils in its composition. 



Decandolle states the following as the quantity of oil obtained 

 from various seeds : 



