BETULACEiE. 207 



3. FAGUS, Tourn. BEECH. 



F. ferrugin'ea, Ait. (AMERICAN BEECH.) A very com- 

 mon tree in rich woods, the branches horizontal. Leaves 

 oblong-ovate, taper- pointed, toothed, the very straight 

 veins terminating in the teeth. 



4. < OK vi I s. Tourn. HAZEL-NUT. FILBERT. 



1. C. Ameriea'na, Walt. (WILD HAZEL-NUT.) Leaves 

 roundish heart-shaped. Involucre spreading out above, leaf- 

 like and cut-toothed. Chiefly in south- Western Ontario ; in 

 thickets. 



2. C. FOStra'ta, Ait. (BEAKED HAZEL-NUT.] A rather 

 common shrub, easily distinguished from No. 1 fay the invo- 

 lucre, which is prolonged into a narrow tube much beyond the 

 nut, and is densely bristly-hairy. 



5. OS'TRYA, Micheli. HOP-HORNBEAM. IRONWOOD. 

 0. Virgin'iea, Willd. (IRON-WOOD.) A slender tree with 

 brownish furrowed bark. Leaves oblong - ovate, taper- 

 pointed, sharply doubly serrate. Fertile catkin like a hop 

 in appearance. Wood very hard and close. Rich woods. 



6. CARPI'NUS, L. HORNBEAM. 



C. Ameriea'na, Michx. (BLUE or WATER BEECH.) Small 

 trees with furrowed trunks and close smooth gray bark. 

 Leaves ovate - oblong, pointed, doubly serrate. Along 

 streams. Resembling a beech in general aspect, but with 

 inflorescenee like that of Iron- wood. 



, ORDER LXXXIX. BETULA'CE^. (BIRCH FAMILY.) 



Trees or shrubs with monoacious flowers, botty sorts in 

 catkins, 2 or 3 flowers under each scale or bract of the catkin. 

 Ovary 2-celled and 2-ovuled, but in fruit only 1-celled and 

 1-seeded. Fruit a small nut. Stigmas 2, long and slender. 

 Twigs and leaves often aromatic. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1. Bet'ula. Sterile'catkins long and pendulous, formed during summer 

 and expanding .the following spring ; each flower consisting of 



