CONIFERS. 215 



SUBORDER II. CUPRESSIN'EvE. (CYPRESS F.) 

 Fertile flowers of only a few scales, these not in the axils 

 of bracts, forming in fruit either a very small loose and dry 

 cone, or a sort of false berry owing to the thickening of the 



scales. 



* Mowers monoecious. Fruit a small loose cone. 



6. Thuja. Leaves some awl-shaped, others scale-like, closely imbri- 

 cated on iheflat branches. Catkins ovoid, terminal. 

 * * Flowers mostly dicecious. Fruit berry-like, black with a bloom. 



1. Junlp'erus. Leaves awl-shaped or scale-like, sometimes of both 

 shapes, evergreen, prickly-pointed, glaucous-white on the upper 

 surface, and in whorls of 3, or opposite. 



SUBORDER III. TAXIN'E^. ( YEW FAMILY.) 

 Fertile flower solitary, consisting of a naked ovule sur- 

 rounded by a disk which becomes pulpy and berry-like in 

 fruit, enclosing the nut-like seed. Berry red. 



8. Taxus. Flowers chiefly dioecious. Leaves evergreen, mucronate, 

 rigid, scattered. A low straggling bush, usually in the shade of 

 other evergreens. 



1. IMM s, Tourn. PINE. 



1. P. Fesino'sa, Ait. (RED PINE.) Leaves in twos, slen- 

 der. Bark rather smooth, reddish. Common northward. 



2. P. Banksia'na, Lambert. (GRAY or NORTHERN SCRUB 

 PINE.) Leaves in twos, about 1 inch long. Cones conical, 

 usually curved, smooth and hard, about one and one-half 

 inches long. Barren soil, eastward and northward. 



3. P. rig'ida, Mill. (PiTCH PINE.) Leaves in threes. 

 Scales of the cones tipped with a short stout recurved prickle. 

 Atl. Prov. 



4. P. Stro'bus, L. (WHITE PINE.) Leaves in fives, slender. 

 Bark smooth except on old trees, not reddish. Common. 



2. PI'CEA, Link. SPRUCE. 



1. P. nigra, Link. (Abies nigra, Poir.) (BLACK SPRUCE.) 

 Leaves needle-shaped and 4-sided, pointing in all directions. 

 Cones hanging, persistent, scales with thin edges. Swamps 

 and cold woods. 



2. P. alba, Link. (Abies alba, Michx.) (WHITE SPRUCE.) 



