TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



PREFACE . . iii 



TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE v 



Divisions of Scientific Botany and General Considerations . . 1 



PART I. 



The Cell. 



I. Introduction 4 



II. Primordial Utricle and Cell wall in Their Mutual Relation- 



ship. Turgor. Plasmolysis .. . .. .... 7 



III. Cell-contents . . . . . ... . . . 10 



A. Living Inclusions of the Cytoplasm ... . . . 10 



(a) Nucleus 10 



(b) Chlorophyll-grains, Chromoplastids, Leucoplastids ... 13 



B. Dead Inclusions of Cytoplasm . . . . ... 16 



(a) Starch . . . . ... ' . . ... . 17 



(b) Aleuron-grains . 21 



(c) The Remaining Solid Dead Inclusions of the Cell . . .22 



C. The Cell-sap and the Remaining Fluid Contents of the Cell . 24 

 IV. The Cell-wall .25 



A. Internal Structure and Method of Growth of the Cell- wall . 26 



B. Chemical Composition and Subsequent Changes in the Cell-wall 30 



C. Products of the Growth in Thickness and Surface of the Cell- 



walls . . . . ... . , . . . 32 



V. The Origin of Cells . ... . ... 42 



PART II. 



Tissues and Simple Organs. 



A. Structure of Tissues and Simple Organs 45 



B. Differentiation of Tissues according to Structure and Func- 



tion (Physiological Anatomy of Simple Organs) ... 49 



Differences of Functions and Their Enumeration .... 49 



SPECIAL FUNCTIONS : 



I. The Function of Formative Tissues (Meristem and Cambium) . 51 



II. Structure and Function of the Epidermal Tissue-system . . 53 



III. Function of Mechanical Tissues 63 



vii 



