RE PROD UCTION. 213 



longitudinal section ; <?, filament ; /, wall of ovary ; n, the fum'cu- 

 lus ; o, base of the embryo ; p and <?, outer and inner integument ; 

 ?, nucellus; t, embryo-sac; v, and s, egg-cell apparatus (syner- 

 gida?); u, antipodes; e, nectaries; d, basal portion of the floral 

 envelopes. 



For the time being we will discontinue the discussion of the 

 further processes and products of fertilization; they will be re- 

 ferred to at the close of III and in chapter IY of this section. 

 We shall now take up the consideration of the general morphology 

 and physiology of the phanerogamic flower. 



III. THE PHANEROGAMIC FLOWER. 



Although the c c moss-flower ' ' has both sexual organs upon the 

 same axis, it is not analogous to the hermaphroditic flower of 

 phanerogams, which also bears carpels and stamens on one axis. 

 We know from what has already been stated that the spores of the 

 moss- sporangium have an origin analogous to that of the embryo-sao 

 and the pollen-grains. The formation of the germinal vesicle in 

 the embryo- sac, and the divisions and other processes which prepare 

 the pollen -grain for germination, correspond to the sexual genera- 

 tion represented by the development of the leafy moss-plant. 



We will now make a comparative study of the following 

 phanerogamic flowers: (1) the female flower of a pine, Picea 

 excelsa-; (2) the flower of rye, Secale cereale ; (3) the hyacinth, 

 Hyacinthus orientalis ; (4) the cherry-flower, Prunus Cerasus. 



Number 1 represents the gymnospermous flowers; 2 repre- 

 sents not only the gramineous flower, but all monocotyledonous 

 flowers with colorless corollas ; Hyacinthus is an example illustrat- 

 ing the apetalous monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous flower. 

 Finally, Prunus Cerasus represents the type of the apparently 

 * ' most perfect ' ' flower, equipped with calyx, corolla, stamens, 

 and carpels (pistils). 



In the discussion of leaf -organs (Part III, B, 2) the floral leaves 

 were very briefly touched upon. We shall now enter into a more 

 thorough discussion. By introducing physiological factors we will 

 be able to overcome the disagreeableness of mere dry description. 



