42 SHOULDERS LARGE — ACTION. [BOOK I. 



formation being seated high upon the limb, thereby 

 incommoding the action of the shoulder-muscles: the 

 elbow ', at N. 15, by being pressed close to the ribs, 

 having thrown in the knees, receives, at every step 

 the leg takes, a kind of double motion, which, of 

 course, doubly affects the action of those parts ; and 

 much fatigue, pain, and anguish succeed each other 

 until it communicates to the cavity of the chest. 

 Such animals have frequently the shoulders un- 

 usually muscular, hiding, in a good measure, the 

 original defect from the eye and touch of the com- 

 mon observer ; but it may, nevertheless, be ascer- 

 tained to exist, by the symptoms just now mentioned, 

 as well as by the appearance of the protruding mus- 

 cle before noticed, at page 36. To knocked knees and 

 inside tread, let me add the circumstance, that such 

 horses have a broken pace, kicking loose stones 

 before them, with a certain rolling from side to side, 

 to the great annoyance of the rider. All this arises 

 from awkwardness, by reason of the shoulder's bad 

 position, whereby the leg, being thrown sideways, 

 removes the foot in an increasing ratio from the cen- 

 tre of gravity; and, instead of its being thrown 

 straight forward, describes part of a circle, more 

 or less curved, according to the amount of the ori- 

 ginal defect. The straight 

 dotted line shows the space 

 a well-formed foot, such as 

 belongs to the leg in our 

 preceding sketch (3), would 

 take, being on paper just 



