CHAP. II.] LUNGS : EXPERIMENTS ON. 105 



ing introduced the nozzle tolerably well into the 

 wind-pipe, tie it round with a cobblers end; then, 

 blowing hard with one hand, while the other is 

 employed in squeezing the pipe, to prevent the 

 escape of the air back into the bellows, you may 

 form an accurate notion of the effect of inspiration. 

 The lights or lungs at first give out the whole of 

 the air which has been driven in, and may be in- 

 flated to an enormous size ; but, if much force is 

 used, the cells burst into each other, some appear- 

 ing on the surface thin and transparent, and refuse 

 to give back their wind ; this forms " broken wind" 

 of one description, and is that wherein the expira- 

 tions are slower than the inspirations — the pleura 

 being then affected in its thickest part, and the 

 midriff also. Out of the first part of this experi- 

 ment may, likewise, be derived a more accurate 

 knowledge of what is termed " second wind," among 

 sportsmen: when the animal (or man) has made 

 great exertions, so as to fill all the cells of his lungs 

 to their utmost, and then relaxes from the labour, 

 he finds himself renovated, the cells being rendered 

 more capable of distension and expulsion, when 

 each inspiration and expiration also occupies more 

 time and less labour. 



Sporting men, who are fond of our bear-baitings, 

 Pecora-fights, and monkey scratches, may daily 

 witness a practical natural illustration of the same 

 doctrine, in the conduct of the bear towards his 

 antagonist. Seizing the dog between his paws, 

 he squeezes him up till he gasps for breath, when 



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