A HISTORY OF KENT 



The hoofed mammals include the red deer, the reindeer, the roe, 

 the wild boar, the horse, the woolly rhinoceros {Rhhioceros antiquitatis), 

 and the mammoth [Elephas primigemiis) . 



Mr. Newton also records a number of species of birds and a few of 

 reptiles and amphibians from the Ightham fissure ; but since all these 

 appear to belong to living British species, and the determinations are 

 in some instances more or less provisional, it will be unnecessary to 

 mention them by name on the present occasion. 



The list of mammals from Kentish Pleistocene deposits other than 

 the Ightham fissure includes the following species. Of the cave-lion 

 {Felis leo spelad) the British Museum possesses a fine skull collected 

 by Mr. Spurrell and two fragments of the lower jaw from Crayford 

 and a couple of imperfect bones from Slade Green near Erith ; and 

 remains of the species have also been obtained from Sittingbourne. 

 The cave-hyaena [Hycena crocuta spelcea), a variety of the living spotted 

 African species, has been recorded from Erith, the wolf {Cam's lupus) 

 from Slade Green, and the fox (C vulpes) from Dartford. Of the 

 other Carnivora, the brown bear {Ursus arctus) has left its remains 

 at Crayford, and the badger [Meles meles) at Grovehurst in Milton-next- 

 Sittingbourne. The rodents from the same deposits comprise the field- 

 vole {Microtus agrestis) at Crayford, and the water-vole {M. amphibius) 

 at Crayford and Erith, as well as the sushk mentioned above under the 

 heading of the Ightham fauna, which has been recorded from Erith. 



Among the hoofed mammals, remains of the aurochs,^ or extinct 

 wild ox (Eos taurus primigenius), occur at Broadmead near Folkestone, 

 Heme Bay, Maidstone and Slade Green ; and those of the Pleistocene 

 bison [B. bonasus) at East Wickham, Crayford, Folkestone and Wool- 

 wich. Very noteworthy is the occurrence of the musk-ox [Ovibos 

 moschatus) in the Crayford deposits,^ and also at Plumstead, since 

 remains of that ruminant are very scarce in Britain. Bones and 

 antlers of the red deer — probably the Caspian race [Cervus elaphus 

 marat) — have been discovered at Crayford, Folkestone, Maidstone and 

 Slade Green ; those of the giant fallow deer — the so-called Irish elk — 

 (C. giganteus) at Folkestone ; and those of the reindeer {Rangifer 

 tarandus) at Boughton, Folkestone, Otterham in Upchurch and Sitting- 

 bourne. The Pleistocene hippopotamus [Hippopotamus amphibius major) 

 has been recorded from Folkestone, and the wild boar {Sus scrofa) from 

 Maidstone. 



Special interest attaches to a fragment of the skull and three upper 

 molar teeth of the woolly rhinoceros {Rhinoceros antiquitatis) from 

 Chartham near Canterbury, which are preserved in the British Museum. 

 These specimens were obtained in 1668 by a Mr. J. Somner, and are 

 described as the remains of a sea monster in a rare pamphlet, published 

 the following year in London, and entitled News from Chartham in Kent, 

 etc. Of this pamphlet (which is reprinted in the Philosophical T'ransac- 



1 This name is frequently misapplied to the bison. 



2 See W. Davies, Geo/o^cal Magazine, 1880, p. 246. 



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