SPIDERS 



55- Pachygnatha degeerii, Sundevall. 



Gravesend(F. P. S.); Hurst Wood (T.R.R.S.). 

 Smaller and commoner than the last species. 

 Found at the roots of herbage. 



56. Cyclosa conica (Pallas). 

 Hurst Wood (T. R. R. S.). 



A rare but easily recognized species, having 

 a humped triangular abdomen and sits in the 

 centre of its web on a band of white trans- 

 parent silk, possibly from a distance appearing 

 like the dung of a small bird upon the 

 surrounding foliage. Known also under 

 Epeira. 



57. Zi/la X -notata (Clerck). 

 Gravesend (F. P. S.). 



A very common spider, usually spinning its 

 web on or in the proximity of buildings. 

 The web has a vacant wedge-shaped piece 

 with a single free ray from the centre. 

 Known also as Epeira simi/is, Blackwall. 



58. Zilla atrica, C. L. Koch. 



Hurst Wood, Tunbridge WeUs (T. R. R. S.); 

 Gravesend (F. P. S.). 

 Almost as common as the above, but more 

 usually confined to the foliage of trees and 

 bushes. The males have a very long palpus, 

 while in x -notata these are very short. 

 Known also as Epeira callophylla, Blackwall. 



59. Araneus cucurhitinus, Clerck. 

 Tunbridge WeUs (T. R. R. S.). 



A beautiful green spider with bright red 

 tip at the tail end, rendering it like the bud 

 of a flower. Known also under Epeira. 



60. Araneus diadematuSy Clerck. 

 Tunbridge Wells (T. R. R. S.) ; Gravesend 



(F. P. S.). 

 By far the commonest of our spiders, being 

 known as the ' garden spider,' of large size, 

 usually red-brown with white lozenge-shaped 

 spots, spinning an orb-web. Known also 

 under Epeira. 



61. Araneus quadratus, Clerck. 



Rusthall Common (T. R. R. S.) ; Gravesend 

 (F. P. S.). 

 A common spider in October on most 

 heathy commons where it spins a strong orb- 

 web and makes a tent for concealment under 

 the heather or gorse. Its food consists chiefly 

 of the common honey-bee, and in colour it is 

 warm pink with green and yellow shading 

 with four large white spots on the back of 

 the abdomen. Known also under Epeira. 



62. Araneus cornutus, Clerck. 

 Gravesend (F. P. S.). 



Abundant in the rush-beds, etc., near 



streams or in swampy places. Known also 

 as Epeira apodisa, Blackwall. 



63. Araneus patagiatuSy Clerck. 

 Gravesend (F. P. S.). 



Very similar to the last species but usually 

 darker in colour and not so universally dis- 

 tributed about the country. Known also 

 under Epeira. 



64. Araneus sclopetarius^ Clerck. 

 Gravesend (F. P. S.). 



A much larger and more darkly marked 

 species than either of the two last and found 

 on the margins of streams, in the angles of 

 boathouses, or on riverside palings. Known 

 also as Epeira sericata, Blackwall. 



65. Araneus umbraticus, Clerck. 

 Tunbridge Wells (T R. R. S.). 



A large species, very like the last in general 

 appearance but much more flattened, for it 

 lives under the bark of trees and posts, spin- 

 ning a strong orb-web and venturing out of 

 its lurking place only at nightfall. Known 

 also under Epeira. 



66. Araneus gibbosus, Walckenaer. 

 Seven oaks. 



A rare species, taken by beating lichen- 

 covered bushes and trees, and recognized by 

 the two angular tubercles on the shoulders of 

 the abdomen. Known also as Epeira arbus- 

 torum and E. bicornis. 



67. Araneus triguttatus, Fabricius. 

 Hurst Wood (T. R. R. S.). 



Not uncommon on iron palings, where the 

 rust-red patch on the forepart of the abdomen 

 resembles a spot of iron-rust and thus favours 

 concealment. It can also be beaten from the 

 foliage of trees. Known also as Epeira aga- 

 lena. 



68. Araneus signatus, Blackwall. 

 Broadstairs (Walker). 



The type of this species has been lost, so 

 that is is difficult to determine its identity 

 with any certainty. It is probably only a 

 variety of the last species. Known also under 

 Epeira. 



69. Linyphia triangularis (Clerck). 

 Yalding. 



A very abundant species in autumn, whose 

 sheet-like snares glistening with dewdrops 

 form a conspicuous feature on the hedges and 

 bushes in the early mornings. The mandibles 

 in the male are very long, resembling those in 

 Tttragnatha. 



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