A HISTORY OF KENT 



that from the 25th day of April yearly to the ist day of July.' The 

 terms are a little indefinite. Adam White calls Palaemon squilla the 

 ' White Shrimp,' but adds that ' other species beside this are named 

 " White Shrimp.'" ' Mr. Lovett says of Pandalus amulicornis, ' It is in 

 fact the " Red Shrimp " of the Thames excursion steamers. It works 

 the tide up and down for its food, and is a most useful scavenger. The 

 term " Red Shrimp" is applied to several diverse species round the coast. 

 At Southampton I saw Palaemon squilla (the small prawn) hawked 

 about under this commercial name, and P. varians, where it occurs 

 commonly, is also so called.' '' The Handbook to Dover says, ' Pandalus 

 annulicornis, the red or soldier shrimp, and Crangon vulgaris, the brown 

 shrimp, are imported, for Dover is one of the very few seaside resorts 

 where shrimping does not commend itself as a livelihood to any of its 

 inhabitants. Palaemon serratus, the prawn, occurs sparingly to the 

 west, but in St. Margaret's Bay, where the scour of the tides is less, 

 they may be obtained in some seasons very commonly.' From these 

 passages there is obviously no sure inference that the small prawn, 

 Leander squilla (Linn.) has been taken in Kentish waters. On the 

 other hand, allowing for changes in nomenclature, there is satisfactory 

 attestation oi Leander serratus (Pennant), Pandalus montagui. Leach, and 

 Crangon vulgaris, Fabricius, representing respectively three families, the 

 Palaemonidae, Pandalidae, and Crangonidae. The first two species, 

 which the unlearned may prefer to call prawns, have a long serrate 

 rostrum projecting from the carapace. The third species, the common 

 shrimp, has no rostrum worth speaking of It is further distinguished 

 by the first pair of legs. These are moderately robust, but only 

 subchelate. They are grasping organs, but the finger, instead of 

 closing against a produced thumb with the action of tongs, closes down 

 upon the dilated end of the palm. In Leander the nippers are of 

 normal structure but small. In Pandalus they are so minute that till 

 recently their existence was overlooked and the limbs were thought to 

 end in a simple point. The second pair of legs are chelate in all the 

 three species, though here also there are several differences of structure. 

 In none of the three, nor in any others of the tribe Caridea, are the third 

 pair of limbs chelate, as they are in the lobster and the river crayfish. 



Of the stalk-eyed Crustacea one more species has to be noticed. 

 This is no proper prawn, though its correct name is Praunus jiexuosus 

 (O. F. Miiller). It belongs to the order Schizopoda, which owe their 

 name ' cleft-footed ' to the circumstance that their legs are two branched. 

 The malacostracan appendages when fully developed have a branch 

 called the epipod given off from the first joint, and another called the 

 exopod usually given off from the second. It is this exopod which has 

 in general disappeared from the limbs of the peraeon, but is retained in 

 the Schizopoda. Colonel Montagu, who in Devonshire had himself 

 found Miiller's Cancer jiexuosus, chose while recognizing that name to 



1 Popular History of British Crustacea, p. 135. 



2 The Essex Naturalist, xi. 255. 



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