A HISTORY OF KENT 



C. laevis (O. F. Miiller) from Orpington. In this genus males are 

 common. Its species have the shell excessively tumid, contrasting with 

 the sub-compressed form in Cypria. Oi Cypridop sis vidua (O. F. Miiller), 

 since referred to a new genus Pionocypris, Brady in 1868 says, 'I have 

 specimens from many different localities, ranging from Kent to Dumfries- 

 shire,' and Cypridopsis aculeata (Lilljeborg) he records as obtained by 

 Rupert Jones at 'Gravesend, in brackish water.' With the latter was 

 taken a species at that time called Cypris gibba, Ramdohr, which, Dr. 

 Brady says, ' seems to be an almost ubiquitous species, but is liable to 

 escape observation, owing to its habit of escaping on the bottom or 

 embedding itself in the mud or soft clay.' This has since been trans- 

 ferred to a new genus Ilyocypris, 'the mud Cypris," and the species 

 itself has been split into two, I. gibba, Ramdohr, and /. bradyi, Sars,' but 

 which of the two or whether both should be credited to Kent I am not 

 in a position to decide. Along with the preceding another species of 

 similar habits was taken, Candona Candida (O. F. Miiller), of which Dr. 

 Brady remarks, ' some large adult specimens, collected by Professor T. 

 Rupert Jones in slightly brackish water at Gravesend, exhibit near the 

 posterior extremity of the shell a peculiar reticulated pattern, very 

 similar to that of Cytherideis nobilis (Brady), a marine species found on 

 the coast of Crete,' the two species being also not unlike in shape and 

 general appearance. ' The males of C. Candida,' he says, ' are much 

 more abundant than those of any other species of the family ; they 

 appear, indeed, to be almost as plentiful as the females.' Candona 

 lactea, Baird, is recorded from ' freshwater pond, at Charing, Kent.' 

 Brady observes that ' the animals belonging to this genus have no 

 swimming power, and are very sluggish in their movements, crawling 

 leisurely on the bottom, or on the stems of water plants or sometimes 

 burying themselves in the mud.' On the other hand in the next genus, 

 Pontocypris, which as the name implies is marine, the animals are quite 

 well able to swim, though in practice they appear ' to dehght especially 

 in a muddy bottom, and probably do not stir far away from it.' P. 

 trigonella, Sars, was taken by Mr. E. C. Davison in the estuary of the 

 Thames. 



The family Cytheridae supplies numerous species distributed among 

 ten genera. As distinguished from the preceding family, in which the 

 shell is generally thin, horny, and tolerably smooth, and the eyes when 

 present are usually confluent, here the shell is generally hard, calcareous, 

 and rough, and the eyes when present are more or less separated. In 

 the extensive genus Cythere we have C. lutea, O. F. Miiller, from the 

 North Foreland, of which the C. viridis of Brady's Monograph, from 

 Girdler Sand, Thames, and the C. reniformis of Baird, from North 

 Foreland, near Dover, are synonyms ;' C. confusa, Brady and Norman, 

 from Margate ; * C. pellucida, Baird, from the Girdler Sand in the 



• Transactions Royal Dublin Society, ser. 2, iv. 106. ' Loc. cit. ser. 2, v. 727. 



3 Brady and Norman, Transactions Rov. Dublin Society, ser. 2, iv. 125. 

 « Loc. cit. iv. 126, 127. 



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