ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS 



' cross-bow ' and the long brooches of Scandinavia ; also a good silver- 

 gilt brooch set with garnets of keystone form ; another with cruciform 

 centre and border of garnet cell-work ; a more primitive example of the 

 same work (as at Bifrons) ; a garnet pendant mounted in gold, and a 

 bracteate of that metal in pendant form. A late Roman coin ^ and three 

 silver sceattas (probably after 600) were found, the only other coin being 

 a Gaulish copy of the gold solidus of Justinian (527-565), which gives 

 an approximate date for the cemetery. Glass beads and various objects of 

 bronze, such as girdle-tabs and rivets, buckles and tweezers, call for no 

 special remark ; but a radiated brooch of five points, and two other forms,' 

 point to the fifth century rather than the sixth. 



Minor discoveries of Anglo-Saxon antiquities have been made at 

 Richborough and Sandwich (see list), but there were probably few 

 inducements to settle in the low ground that now forms the coast 

 between Thanet and Deal. On the waterworks hill about one mile 

 south-west of Deal and just behind Walmer, several Anglo-Saxon graves 

 have been noticed in section at the top of a chalkpit, and a few charac- 

 teristic relics recovered. Several trenches, some running parallel in the 

 same locality, are evidently of much earlier date, and may have been dug 

 for defensive purposes, though the ramparts no longer exist. The finds 

 have not been fully recorded, but it may be mentioned that beads and a 

 circular jewelled brooch were found with a woman's skeleton that lay 

 with the head north-east.' 



About I mile south of this site a discovery was made about 

 1852 at Ringwould, on the estate of Rev. John Monins, who presented 

 the relics to the nation. They consisted of two iron spear-heads and a 

 ferrule 6 inches long, a knife, a buckle* and buckle-plate set with false 

 gems ; and were found with the remains of two skeletons on the road 

 to Deal, 6 miles from Dover.' 



At St. Margaret's, about 3 miles to the south, Douglas in 1782 

 opened about fourteen grave-mounds in a group of thirty on the cliff, 

 but found no relics except an iron knife." They extended over 

 nearly i| acres and had been noticed by Stukeley' in 1772 : a certain 

 number were opened in 1775, and yielded upwards of twenty glass 

 beads, and a socketed arrow-head, presumably of iron, but suggesting a 

 prototype of the Bronze period. Indeed, one large barrow contained 

 the burnt bones of a young subject and must be referred to the earlier 

 period, this being the primary interment. The skeletons in the other 

 graves were generally east-and-west, and as Douglas suggested, probably 

 belonged to the Christian period, but whether that period began during 

 the Roman occupation or only in the seventh century remains at present 

 uncertain. 



A rude saucer-brooch of a type poorly represented in Kent, but 



1 Numismatic Chronicle, viii. (1845-6), Proc. p. 2 ; wt. 3 grains. 



= Coll. Ant. iii. pi. vi. fig. l-=zHorae Ferales, pi. xxviii. fig. 4 (coloured). 



3 Information from Messrs. S. Manser and H. Dunn, of Deal. 



* Pag. Sa.v. pi. xxix. fig. I. 5 Arch. Journ. ix. 304 (figs.). 



• Nen. Brit. p. 119; view, pi. xxv. fig. I. ' Itinerarium Curiosum (1776), p. 127. 



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