ANCIENT EARTHWORKS 



main entrance is doubtful : the sharp curve in this entrenchment about 

 the middle of the north-east side does not now exist, the ditch being 

 separated by brickwork, but once probably took the line shown on the 

 plan. Beside this great defence the hill-side has been trenched accord- 

 ing to the actual needs of the part to be defended ; thus on the extreme 

 south-east the fall of the hill is gentle and an outer ditch has been cut, 

 but too low down the hill to be much protection. The north-east side 

 of the hill has a sharper natural fall and needed no extra ditch. There 

 is on the west an outer ditch, hardly to be traced the last few hundred 

 feet on the south owing to the making of a wide road from the south- 

 west entrance and modern work generally, but it is well marked most 

 of the distance, though there is now a curious perpendicular drop south 

 of the section N-0, probably not part of the original plan ; towards 

 the north it is lost owing to the erection of a bastion, and about the 

 point it probably entered the main ditch the widening of the road here 

 has destroyed the track. The original condition of the extreme north 

 the writer is unable to determine : here the high land continues, and an 

 outwork of some kind would be needed. The outwork now existing 

 and cut by the section A-B has a very modern appearance with its 

 clean and sharp scarp on the outside (sharper than shown in the sections), 

 but this work is shown both on the Ordnance Survey of 1819 and the 

 plan in the British Museum dated 1756, also on the 1737 plan, though 

 wider and less definite, but such a defence in any form lacks the appear- 

 ance of Norman work. Possibly the outer ditch as found on the west 

 continued round the north in a more powerful form with an artificial 

 rampart, but the original state of this part cannot be truly determined, 

 unless some earlier and more detailed plan exists. As to the entrances, 

 the original approach from the outside was probably that shown on the 

 north-west, and the only approach to the mount was from that side, 

 either by a sloping pathway and gate, or by a bridge across the ditch, if 

 such ditch existed at this point. Of the two gates north and south- 

 west leading into the bailey, that on the north is perhaps the original 

 entrance, or perhaps the only means of approach to the middle ward 

 and mount was through this enclosure. Canons Gate and Colton Gate 

 (near O of the section N-0), though of early make, probably did not 

 exist in the original plan.' 



Folkestone : Castle Hill. — On a commanding height overlook- 

 ing the neighbouring hollows and dominating the country seaward are 

 the extensive earthworks generally known as Caesar's Camp. 



Explorations led the late General Pitt-Rivers to conclude that the 

 work was of a period far later than its popular name suggests, attri- 

 buting the whole to the Normans. There is certainly nothing of 

 Roman character about the castrametation, and works having a citadel at 

 one end are found elsewhere to be of the Norman period. At first 

 sight, and noting its position, one would incline to look to pre-Roman 



'This description and plan of Dover Castle is contributed by the Rev. E, A Downman, 

 415 



