LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



XV 



PAGE 



PLATE 46. Fossil skeleton of Phenacodus primcBvus . . .Following no 

 PLATE 47. Changes in foot-structure and teeth in fossil and recent species of 



the horse family Following no 



FIG. 28. Map of southeastern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia . -115 



PLATE 48. A. Bluefish. JB. Sand flounder Following 118 



PLATE 49. A. Field sparrows. B. Quail " 118 



PLATE 50. Woodcock on nest " 118 



PLATE 51. A. Nighthawk. B. Humming-bird's nest ... " 118 



PLATE 52. Tree lizards on oak bark " 120 



PLATE 53. Protectively colored mammals. A. "Cotton-tail" rabbit. 



B. Thirteen-striped spermophile .... Following 120 

 PLATE 54. A. Cony (Otochond) among rocks. B. Moth on bark " 120 

 PLATE 55. Protectively colored woods-moths. (In color) . " 120 

 PLATE 56. Protectively colored caterpillars. (In color) . ., " 120 



FIG. 29. A straw-colored spider ( Tetragnatha grallator ) in its accustomed 



position on a blade of dead grass . . . .120 



PLATE 57. Snow grouse in winter, spring, summer, and fall plumage 



Following 1 20 

 PLATE 58. Grass porgy, showing changes in color occurring in a few 



moments . . . . . . . . Following 120 



PLATE 59. Color adaptation in pupae of Pieris rapce and Vanessa urticce. 



(In color) Following 120 



FIG. 30. Twig-like caterpillar of the moth Selenia tetralunaria . . .122 

 PLATE 60. Caterpillar of the moth Catocala amatri.r, on a poplar twig . 



Following 122 



PLATE 61. A. " Walking sticks '" on a twig. B. "Moss insect" . " 122 

 PLATE 62. Leaf insects. A. Locust (Cycloptera). B. Mantis (Phyllium) 



C. Longicorn beetle (Mormolyce) .... Following 122 

 PLATE 63. Logoa opercularis and L. crispata, adults, larvae, and cocoons 



Following 122 



PLATE 64. Spiders whose color and shape render them difficult to see " 124 



FIG. 31. A crab (Cryptolithodes sitchensis} which resembles a pebble . 124 

 PLATE 65. Sargassum fish (Pterophryne histrio) in a tuft of floating seaweed 



(In color) ........ Following 124 



FIG. 32. A "sea-horse" (Hippocampus} ....... 124 



FIG. 33. Tree-frogs whose backs resemble oak leaves in color and color 



pattern 125 



PLATE 66. A. Tree-frog on bark. B. Common toads . . Following 126 



PLATE 67. Weasels in winter and in summer pelage . . '-. " 126 



PLATE 68. A. Tiger. B. Jaguar ... . . . ' .' " 126 



FIG. 34. Polar bear . . - . . . . . . - . ; 126 



FIG. 35. Arctic fox, in winter and in summer pelage . . . . . 127 



FIG. 36. A mantis (Hymenopus) which resembles an orchid blossom . 128 

 PLATE 69. Warning form and coloration in: A. Two bugs (Prionotus and 

 Euchistrts) . B. Lady-beetles. C. Colorado potato beetle . 



Following 130 



PLATE 70. Warning coloration and mimicry in moths. (In color) " 132 



