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ORGANIC EVOLUTION 



America. The color and color pattern of the inedible 

 Danais archippus is imitated by the edible Limenitis disip- 

 pus (Plate 76, A, B, C). I have several times found these 

 two butterflies flying together, and the first time I captured 

 any of them I did not see until I reached home that I had 

 two species, instead of one as I thought. The edible form is 

 .slightly smaller than the ill-flavored one, so that when once 

 distinguished they can again be recognized without diffi- 

 culty, but I much doubt if our insect-eating birds would 



detect the difference. 

 The inedible Helico- 

 nidce of South and 

 Central America are 

 imitated by edible spe- 

 cies of other families 

 (Plate 77, G, H, B\ 



The inedible Acr&idcz 



b 



FIG. 39. Spiders which mimic ants. 



a. Synageles picata. b. Synemosyna formica. [From 

 G. W. and E. G. PECKHAM.] 



of Africa are imitated 

 by edible butterflies 

 (Plate 77, Z, M). One 

 of the most remarkable cases of mimicry is that of the 

 imitation of three different inedible species by three varie- 

 ties of females in the less distasteful though somewhat pro- 

 tected Papilio merope (Plate 76, D-J). As Papilio merope 

 is itself distasteful, it might be better to call these condi- 

 tions an illustration of convergence in warning coloration. 

 Euploea midamus, an inedible butterfly, is mimicked by 

 Calamesia midama, a moth (Plate 84, C, D, E, F\ The male 

 and female butterfly differ in color and in the pattern of 

 their markings, and it is interesting to see that the male 

 moth imitates the male butterfly and the female moth copies 

 the female butterfly. 



