2 o OUTLINES OF ANATOMY. 



External jugular vein : 



Tributaries and communications, Fig. 385. 

 Posterior external jugular. 

 Transverse cervical and suprascapular. 

 Sometimes the anterior jugular. 

 Posterior external jugular vein. 

 Vertical set of superficial cervical glands of the neck, or superficial cervical chain, 



69 1 - ( 6 7S- 6 ) 



Anterior jugular vein, 655. (642) 

 Cervical plexus : 



Upper four cervical nerves, 829. (809-10) 

 Superficial Branches, 829-30-1. (810-11-12) 

 Ascending branches : 

 Lesser occipital nerve. 

 Auricular branch. 

 Mastoid branch. 

 Occipital branch. 

 Great auricular nerve: 

 Mastoid branch. 

 Auricular branches. 

 1 Facial branches. 

 Transverse branch : 



Superficial cervical nerve. 

 Descending branches: 

 Suprasternal twigs. 

 Supraclavicular nerves. 

 Supra-acromial branches. 



Inframandibular branch of the facial nerve, 811 ; Fig. 449. (792) 

 Read : The cervical fascia. Prevertebral fascia, 472-3. (466) 

 Deep cervical fascia, 1130-1-2-3-4. (1107-8-9-10-11) 

 Arrangement above the hyoid bone : 

 Superficial. 

 Deeper layer. 

 Below the hyoid bone : 



Four layers: Superficial or subcutaneous. 

 Sterno-clavicular. 

 Tracheal. 

 Prevertebral. 

 Traced vertically: 



At the level of the top of the sternum : 

 Superficial. 

 Sterno-clavicular. 

 Tracheal. 

 Prevertebral. 



At the level of the clavicle : 

 Subcutaneous. 

 Sterno-clavicular. 

 Uses and important points : 



(A) Forms certain definitely enclosed spaces. 



(B) Sheaths of canals. 



(C) Helps to resist atmospheric pressure. 



(D) Action on the pericardium, prevents pressure of the lungs on 



the heart. 



The relations of tlif deep fascia should be remembered and recalled as the 

 structures enclosed by it are successively exposed during the process of the 

 dissection. 



Reflect the fascia and expose the sterno-cleido mastoid in place. The external jugular vein should be 

 preserved. 



