3 8 OUTLINES OF ANATOMY. 



Moderately distend the pharynx with tow; place it wiih its posterior surface uppermost, and demon- 

 strate the muscles forming its wall. 



The pharynx : 



Pharyngeal walls, 985. (964) 



Veins of the pharynx, 665. (651) 

 Muscles, 985-6-7. (964-5) 



Muscular coat : Constrictor muscles. 



Stylo- and palato-pharyngei. 

 Inferior constrictor. 

 Middle constrictor. 



Divide the internal pterygoid transversely near the middle, and draw aside its 

 upper and lower portions to fully expose the origin of the superior constrictor and 

 the middle portion of the buccinator. 



Superior constrictor. Sinus of Morgagni. 



Note the continuity of the superior constrictor with the middle portion of 

 the buccinator, through the pterygo-mandibular ligament. 



Buccinator, 462-4. (457-8) 

 Origin, (2). Relations. 

 Stylo-pharyngeus, 987. (965) 

 (Palato-pharyngeus.) 

 Pharyngeal aponeurosis. 



Open the pharynx by a median incision through its posterior wall, extending from the base of the 

 skull to the commencement of the cesophagus ; at the base of the skull make a lateral incision each 

 way from the median incision. 



The pharynx, 985. (964) 

 Nasal portion. 

 Buccal portion. 

 Mucous membrane. 

 Interior of the pharynx, 987. (966) 

 Pharyngeal recess. 

 Pharyngeal bursa. 

 Pharyngeal tonsil. 

 Eustachian tube, 913. (892) 

 Cartilaginous portion. 

 Mucous membrane. 



Lymphatics of the pharynx, 692. (676) 

 Internal maxillary, or deep facial glands, 692. (677) 

 Post-pharyngeal gland. 

 The soft palate and associated parts should now be examined from behind. 



The soft palate, 980-1-2. (959-^60-61) 

 Uvula. 

 Pillars of the fauces: 



Anterior pillar. 



Posterior pillar. 

 Tonsillar recess. 

 Isthmus of the fauces. 

 Mucous membrane of the soft palate. 



Strip off the mucous membrane and expose the muscles of the soft palate. 



Muscles: 



Levator palati. 



Azygos uvulae. 



Palato pharyngeus. 



Palato glossus. 



Tensor palati. 



Arterial supply of the soft palate. 

 Nerves to the soft palate. 



