HEAD AND ANTERIOR CERVICAL STRUCTURES. 39 



Tonsils : 



Arteries of the tonsil. 

 Veins of the tonsil. 

 Nerves of the tonsil. 



Beginning at the angle of the mouth, make an incision backward, dividing the buccinator, mucous 

 membrane, pterygo maxillary ligament, and the superior constrictor. Wrap the anterior portion of the 

 skull in a cloth moistened with preservative fluid and lay it aside until the dissections of the tongue 

 and the larynx are completed. The tongue will be examined 6rst. 



The tongue, 921-2-3-4-5. (900-1-2-4) 



Special sense of taste. Function of speech. Mastication and deglutition. 

 Dorsum. Tip. 

 Mucous membrane: 



Folds : Glosso-epiglottidean. 

 Fraenum epiglottidis. 



Glosso-epiglottidean pouch, or vallecula. 

 Anterior pillars of the fauces. 

 Fraenum linguae. 



Median raphe. Foramen caecum. 

 Papillae : 



Circumvallate, or caliciform papillae. 

 Fungiform papillae. 

 Filiform, or conical papillae. 

 Lingual glands. 

 Gland of Nuhn. 

 Lymphoid tissue. 

 Muscles : 



Extrinsic muscles. 

 The intrinsic muscles : 

 Lingualis superior. 

 Inferior lingualis. 

 Transverse fibres. 

 Vertical fibres. 



Fibrous septum. Hypoglossal membrane. 

 Arteries. 

 Nerves : 



Mandibular division of the fifth. 

 Glosso-pharyngeal. 

 Superior laryngeal. 

 Hypoglossal. 

 Chorda tympani. 

 The lymphatics of the mouth and tongue, 691. (676) 



The larynx will now be considered. With prepared specimens at hand, read the description of the 

 cartilages of the larynx, and study their arrangement and relations. The cartilages of the specimen 

 undergoing dissection will be gradually exposed as the dissection proceeds. 



Larynx, 938. (917) 

 Cartilages: 



Single cartilages. 



Paired cartilages. 



Hyaline. 



Yellow elastic. 



Thyroid cartilage, 939-40. (918-19) 



Outer surface. 



Inner surface. 



Anterior, or isthmic border, pomum Adami. 



Superior border. 



Inferior border. 



Superior cornua. 



