THE THORAX AND THORACIC VISCERA. X 7 



The Articulations of the Vertebral Column, 201 to 208. (209 to 216) 



(a) Those between the bodies and intervertebral discs which form amphiarthro- 



dial joints. 



() Those between the articular processes which form arthrodial joints. 

 Immediate : 



(a) Those between the bodies and discs. 



(l>) Those between the articular processes. 

 Intermediate : 



(i) Those between the laminae. 



(if) Those between the spinous processes. 



(<) Those between the transverse processes. 

 The Articulations of the Bodies of the Vertebrae. 

 Class : Amphiarthrosis. 



Intervertebral substances : 

 Laminar portion. 

 Central portion. 



Anterior common ligament. 



Posterior common ligament. 



Lateral or short vertebral ligaments. 

 The Ligaments connecting the Articular Processes. 



Class : Diarthrosis. Subdivision : Arthrodia. 



Capsular ligaments. 



Synovial membrane. 

 The ligaments uniting the Laminae. 



Ligamenta subflava. 



The Ligaments connecting the Spinous Processes with one another. 

 The ligaments connecting the Transverse Processes with one another. 



Supraspinous ligament. 



Interspinous ligaments. 



Intertransverse ligaments. 

 Arterial supply. 

 Nerve-supply. 

 Movements. 



Neck. 



Thoracic region. 



Lumbar region. 



The Male Perinaeum. 



To expose the perineum for dissection, draw the subject to the end of the table, flex the thigh and leg, 

 and bind the palm of the hand over the dorsal surface of the foot. A slender stick placed between the 

 knees will keep the thighs separated. The pelvis should be raised on a block. 

 THE PERIN/EUM, 1150-1156. (1126-1132) 



Bony boundaries. 



Two triangles: (i) Anterior or urethral. 



(2) Posterior or rectal. 



Central point of the perinaeum, lateral lithotomy. 

 The urethra. 

 Ischio-rectal fossa. 



Anterior recess, posterior recess. 

 Anus. Rectum. 

 Dissection of the perinaeum. 



The rectum should be moderately distended with tow and the margins of the anus stitched together. 

 A full-sized staff should be passed into the bladder and tied in place. The scrotum should be stitched 

 forward out of the way. 



The perinaeum. The outlet of the pelvis, 1096. (1072-3) 

 The male perinaeum, 1096. (1073-4) 



The ischio-rectal region, 1097. (1074) 



Beginning at the base of the scrotum, make an incision along the median raphe, around the margin of 

 the anus and back to the end of the sacrum. Make a transverse incision passing just in front of the 

 tuberosities of the ischium. Carefully reflect the skin and expose the superficial fascia. 



