INTRODUCTION. 5 



in the genus (Rosa) Rose. 2. The blue and white 

 Violet are two species in the genus (Viola) Violet. 3. 

 The various species of Lilies, orange, white, &c. 



5. VARIETIES, (varielas) are only accidental varia- 

 tions in the appearance of the same individual species. 

 Varieties are distinguished from species by being not 

 permanently propagated by soed. Ex. 1. All apples- 

 are but varieties of the same species ; because from the 

 seed of the same apple may be produced trees bearing 

 sour, sweet, red, green, large and small apples re- 

 spectively. But the Quince is a different species, be- 

 cause it cannot be produced from ar.ple seeds." 



2. All the different kinds of Potatoes are only varie- 

 ties of the same species (solanum tuberosnrn) ; and al- 

 though they are permanently propagated by the root 

 yet they are^all produced promiscuously by the seed. 



CX.ASSES are compared to States. 



ORDERS *< to Towns or Cities. 



GENERA " to Families. 



SPECIES to Individuals. 



V. Jl Vegetable and its Primary Divisions. 

 VEGETABLES, which constitute the second kingdom 

 of nature according to the definition of Linnaeus, 

 " grow and live." or they may be described as organ- 

 ic bodies which draw the matter of their nourishment 

 generally from the earth by mejfns of pores or vessels 

 placed on the external surface of their roots. 



Prim a *y I) m,s io ns. 



The primary parts of a vegetable, (paries primariai) 

 are 



1. The ROOT, or descending part. 



2. The HERUAGE, comprizing every part except the 

 root, flower, and fruit. 



3. The FRUCTIFICATION, which consists of the flow- 

 er and fruit. 



Observation. The following' matter is arranged according to 

 these divisions. 



