STEMS. 11 



4. FOUR-RANKED, (brachiatus.} PI. 2, fig. 2. When 

 they spread in four directions, crossing each other al- 

 ternately in pairs. Ex. Common Lilac, Syringa vul- 

 garis. 



Observation. A common mode of growth in shrubs which have 



opposite leaves. 



5. MUCH-BRANCHED, (ranrnissimus) repeatedly sub- 

 divided into a great many branches without order. 

 Ex. Most Trees. 



6. ABRUPTLY-BRANCHED, (determinate ramosus) when 

 each branch after terminating in flowers produces a 

 number of fresh branches in a circular order from just 

 below the origin of those flowers. Ex. Azalea nudi- 

 Jlora. 



7. PROLIFEROUS, (prdifer) shooting out new branches 

 from the summits of the former ones. Ex. Pines. 



8. VERT ic i I/LATE, (verticillatits) giving off its 

 branches at regular intervals in whorls like rays from 

 a centre, as in the White Pine, Pinus strobus. 



9. DICHOTOMOUS, (dichotomus.} ' PI. 2, fig. 3. Re- 

 peatedly forked. Ex. Cerastinm vi^gatum. 



10. PANICULATE, (jjamculatus) where the brandies 

 are many times subdivided. Ex. Erigeron Canadense, 

 see Panicle. 



11. FASTIGIATE, (fattigialus) the stem being ter- 

 minated by equal brandies so as to make a level top. 

 Ex. Yarrow, Jtchillea miUefolium. 



III. Mode of Growth. 



1. ETIECT, (credus) upright, nearly perpendicular. 



2. OBLIQUE, (obliquiis) visibly turned from the per- 

 pendicular line. 



3. PROCUMBENT, (procjtmbens) lying on the ground. 

 Ex. Purslane, Portidacca olcracea. 



4. REPENT, (renews.) PI. 9.. fig. 4. Creeping, run- 

 ning on the ground ami taking root at certain distan- 

 ces as it goes. Ex. Creeping Crowfoot, Ranunculus 

 repws. 



