SCAPE. 15 



VII. Consistence, 



1. SOLID, (solidus) of an uniform solid substance. 



2. MEDULLARY, (inanis or medullosus) containing 

 pith, a spongy substance in the centre. Ex. Elder, 

 Sambucus. 



3. HOLLOW, (cavus or Jistulosns.') Ex. Hemlock, 

 Conium maculatum. 



Observation. Plants destitute of a stem are called STEMIESS, (ac- 

 antes.) Ex. Early Anemone, Anemone hepatica* Dandelion. 



2. Culm. 



CULM, (cidnws.) PI. 2, fig. 6. The proper trunk 

 of the grasses, which elevates the leaves, flower, and 

 fruit. LinncKiis. 



The Culm is denominated 



1. WITHOUT KNOTS, (enodis.} Ex. Common Rushes. 

 Bulrush, Juncus effusus. 



2. JOINTED, (firticulatus) interrupted by joints or 

 knots from space to space, as in most of the grasses. 



3. GENICULATE, (geniculatus^ bent like the knee. 

 Ex. Floating Foxtail grass, Mopecurus geniculatus. 



Observation. 1. When a culm takes a curved direction, it usu- 

 ally inclines to bend at the joints only, and thus become geniculate. 



2. Several of the terms applied to the stem, (caulis) are occa- 

 sionally applied also to the culm, such as ASCENDING, EHP.CT, SOL- 

 ID, HOLLOW, ROUND, ANOULAR, ROUGH, SMOOTH, &c. 



3 The number of angles in the culm sometimes affords a mark 

 to discriminate the species, as in the genus Eriocaulon . Milne. 



S. Scape. 



SCAPE, (scapus.) PL 2, fig. 7. A Stalk. A spe- 

 cies of trunk which springs from the root and bears the 

 flower and fruit, but not the leaves. Ex. Dandelion, 

 Leontodon, and Marsh Rosemary, Statice limonium. In 

 the former the stalk is simple and single flowered ; in 

 the latter, subdivided and many flowered. 



